S kull base tumors with close anatomical association to orbit, optic nerve, and the cavernous sinus often cause neurological symptoms like loss of visual function and exophthalmus. In most cases resection (complete or partial removal) is the most promising and most effective therapeutic approach with regard to preservation or restoration of visual function. Furthermore, operative tumor removal or reduction is a crucial step in multidisciplinary operative as well as medical or radiotherapeutic treatment concepts, because it allows exact histological diagnosis and safe decompression of anatomical structures at risk. However, resection of these tumors is associated with increased perioperative morbidity due to the proximity of highly sensitive structures-e.g., cranial nerves abbreviatioNs CN = cranial nerve; iCT = intraoperative CT; iMRI = intraoperative MRI; NNS = neuronavigational system. obJective Treatment of skull base lesions is complex and usually requires a multidisciplinary approach. In meningioma, which is the most common tumor entity in this region, resection is considered to be the most important therapeutic step to avoid tumor recurrence. However, resection of skull base lesions with orbital or optic nerve involvement poses a challenge due to their anatomical structure and their proximity to eloquent areas. Therefore the main goal of surgery should be to achieve the maximum extent of resection while preserving neurological function. In the postoperative course, medical and radiotherapeutic strategies may then be successfully used to treat possible tumor residues. Methods to safely improve the extent of resection in skull base lesions therefore are desirable. The current study reports the authors' experience with the use of intraoperative CT (iCT) combined with neuronavigation with regard to feasibility and possible benefits of the method. methods Those patients with tumorous lesions in relationship to the orbit, sphenoid wing, or cavernous sinus who were surgically treated between October 2008 and December 2013 using iCT-based neuronavigation and in whom an intraoperative scan was obtained for control of resection were included. In all cases a second iCT scan was performed under sterile conditions after completion of navigation-guided microsurgical tumor resection. The surgical strategy was adapted accordingly; if necessary, resection was continued. results Twenty-three patients (19 with WHO Grade I meningioma and 4 with other lesions) were included. The most common clinical symptoms were loss of visual acuity and exophthalmus. Intraoperative control of resection by iCT was successfully obtained in all cases. Intraoperative imaging changed the surgical approach in more than half (52.2%) of these patients, either because iCT demonstrated unexpected residual tumor masses or because the second scan revealed additional tumor tissue that was not detected in the first scan due to overlay by osseous tumor parts; in these cases resection was continued. In the remaining cases resection was concluded as planned ...