Spherical porous granules in MgO Fe2O3Nb2O5 system: In situ observation of formation behavior using high-temperature confocal laser-scanning microscopy

Abstract

The pyrolytic reactive granulation process, yielding ceramic spherical porous granules, is simple, consisting of typical ceramic processing methods, viz., wet-ball milling of powders, vacuum drying, granulation via sieving through a screen mesh, and one-step heat treatment for local reactive sintering within each granule. Here, the microstructural development of spherical porous granules was successfully visualized by in situ high-temperature confocal laser-scanning microscopy during the heating up to 1400°C in air. Based on the result of the in situ observation, a simple but powerful size-controlling process of spherical porous granules, viz., multiscreen sieving after the heating was demonstrated. Nearly monodispersed spherical porous granules composed of pseudobrookite-type MgFeNbO 5 were easily obtained.

Research on Plasma Electric Arc Granulation Processes of the Ural Region Mineral Raw Materials to Welding Materials for Submerged Arc Welding

“…The innovation process also relates to the improvement of welding materials, as over the last 100 years since the opening of the first production plant using "dipping" technology for coated electrodes for arc welding, not only the range of welding materials has widened, but their quality has improved, as well. New types of welding materials appeared (fluxes [1,2], non-melting electrodes [3,4], flux cored wires [5,6,7]) and new technologies were developed for their production.…”