Spherical silicon/graphite/carbon composites as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Lee, Jong-Hyuk; Kim, Wan-Jun; Kim, Jaeyoun; Lim, Sung‐Hwan; Lee, Sung-Man

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.09.119

Cited by 128 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Decreasing the silicon content in the anode composite reduces the electrode strain during the lithiation and delithiation processes. 4,5 The order of the capacity retention for the composite electrodes was (d) > (c) > (b) > (a). Even though the amount of carbon coating was small, its contribution to the capacity retention of the electrode was considerable; this may be due to the higher increase of conductivity because of the carbon coating.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…1 Even though silicon in the intermetallic alloy Li22Si5 appears to possess a high theoretical specific capacity ~4190 mAh/g, its immediate practical application has been hampered because it exhibits large crystallographic volume changes of ~328% during the charge/ discharge cycling process. [2][3][4][5] However, methods such as the incorporation of metal powders into the composite [6][7][8][9] and using silicon in alloys 10,11 and compounds 12 with graphite have been found to improve the electrode performance. Carbon coating of the composites has also been reported to provide high cycle stability to the anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Study on Performances of Composite Anodes of SiO, Si and Graphite for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

Doh¹,

Veluchamy²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The electrochemical performances of anode composites comprising elemental silicon (Si), silicon monoxide (SiO), and graphite (C) were investigated. The composite devoid of elemental silicon (SiO:C = 1:1) and its carbon coated composite showed reduced capacity degradation with measured values of 606 and 584 mAh/g at the fiftieth cycle. The capacity retention nature when the composites were cycled followed the order of Si:SiO:C = 3:1:4 < Si:SiO:C = 2:2:4 < SiO:C = 1:1 < SiO:C = 1:1 (carbon coated). A comparison of the capacity retention properties for the composites in terms of the silicon content showed that a reduced silicon content increased the stability of the composite electrodes. Even though the carbon-coated composite delivered low capacity during cycling compared to the other composites, its low capacity degradation made the anode a better choice for lithium ion batteries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on Performances of Composite Anodes of SiO, Si and Graphite for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

Doh¹,

Veluchamy²,

Lee³

et al. 2010

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…Highly conductive carbon (such as graphite) was utilized to load Si nanoparticles by ball milling and subsequently coated with amorphous carbon, in which Si nanoparticles were embedded into a relatively dense carbon matrix [22][23][24][25]. The as-prepared Si/C nanocomposites only showed limited enhancements of cycle stability and capacity because the dense carbon matrix could accommodate the volume changes only to a limited degree.…”

Section: Si/c Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon-based nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

2012

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Silicon-based nanomaterials have been of scientific and commercial interest in lithium-ion batteries due to the low cost, low toxicity, and high specific capacity with an order of magnitude beyond that of conventional graphite. The poor capacity retention, caused by pulverization of Si during cycling, triggers researchers and engineers to explore better battery materials. This review summarizes recent work in improving Si-based anode materials via different approaches from diverse Si nanostructures, Si/metal nanocomposites, to Si/C nanocomposites, and also offers perspectives of the Si-based anode materials. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as attractive energy storage devices have become ubiquitous power sources for mobile electronics. Increasing power and energy requirements for applications such as electric and hybrid electric vehicles, have spurred intense interest in developing high capacity electrode materials to surpass the capacities of electrode materials used in current LIBs [17]. To achieve the requirements, much research work has been performed on new anode materials with high specific capacities. Silicon has attracted increasing attention as a potential high-capacity anode material because of numerous appealing features such as high theoretical specific capacity of 4212 mAh g -1 , higher safety and stability than graphite (lithiated silicon is more stable in typical electrolytes than lithiated graphite). Si anode materials, however, suffer from some drawbacks involving the drastic volume change (larger than 300%) during the alloying/de-alloying reactions with Li [8], the intrinsic low electrical conductivity, and the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed in the common electrolyte of LiPF 6 . These limitations still challenge the investigation and development on identification of higher capacity for the next generation LIBs. Various advances in Si morphology have been achieved in the past years, demonstrating that nanostructured Si-based materials particularly offer superior properties in LIBs.In this review, we address the recent developments in optimizing Si-based materials via diverse Si nanostructures, Si/metal nanocomposites, and Si/C nanocomposites. In addition, we offer some perspectives for the design of better Si nanomaterials.

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“…25 Despite all of these advantages, the full utilization of silicon-based LIBs to date has been hindered by a series of obstacles, including poor cycle life and rate performance, that result from its low ionic/electronic conductivity and large volume changes during the lithium insertion and extraction processes. [26][27][28] When silicon is fully lithiated, the equilibrium Li-Si alloy with the highest Li concentration is the Li22Si5 phase, which causes dramatic structural changes (about 400% volume expansion). 22 The volumetric and structural changes can result in the pulverization of the initial particles, which means that the silicon can no longer hold Li + ions effectively, and the bulk silicon experiences a rapid decay of the specific capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

Zhang

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2016

Energy Storage Materials

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Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Si is one of the most promising anode materials due to its extremely high specific capacity. However, the full application of Si-based anode materials is limited by poor cycle life and rate capability resulted from low ionic/electronic conductivity and large volume change over cycling. In recent years, great progress has been made in improving the performance of Si anodes by employing nanotechnology. The preparation methods are essentially important, in which the precursors used are crucial to design and control the microstructure for the Si-based materials. In this review, we provide comprehensive summary and comment on different Si-containing precursors for preparation of nanosized Si-based anode materials and focus on the corresponding electrochemical performances in lithium-ion batteries. Bulk sized silicon, silicon wafer and silicon microparticles are generally used as starting materials to synthesize porous or nanosized silicon, and the routes for the synthesis are rather mature and commercially available. Silica is also commonly used to form silicon by conversion through a facile magnesiothermic reduction. Silica derivation from natural resources, especially from rice husks, is much more sustainable and lower cost than alternative methods, which attracts considerable research attention. In addition, gaseous Si-based sources like SiH4, Si2H6 and SiHxCly, liquid silicon sources like trisilane and phenylsilane and elemental silicon have successfully used to prepare nanosized or carbon-coated silicon. Further considerations on massive production possibility have also been presented. Si-Containing Precursors for Si-Based Anode Materials of Li-Ion Batteries AbstractLithium-ion batteries with high energy density and large power output are in demand for consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale stationary energy storage. Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials because it has 10 times higher specific capacity than that of the commercial graphitic carbon anode. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of silicon-based anode materials is still hindered by its low electronic conductivity and high capacity fading rate due to the large volume changes upon insertion and extraction of Li ions during cycling. Introducing porous structure, along with decreasing the dimension of Si-based materials to nanosize, is an effective way to address these problems. During the past decade, tremendous attention has been paid to improve Si anodes so as to give them better electrochemical performance. In this review, we focus the Si-containing precursors for preparation of Si-based anode materials.3

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Spherical silicon/graphite/carbon composites as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 128 publications

References 31 publications

Comparative Study on Performances of Composite Anodes of SiO, Si and Graphite for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

Comparative Study on Performances of Composite Anodes of SiO, Si and Graphite for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

Silicon-based nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries

Si-containing precursors for Si-based anode materials of Li-ion batteries: A review

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