SPHEROPLAST FORMATION AND ASSOCIATED ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN A SYNCHRONOUS CULTURE OFANACYSTIS NIDULANSTREATED WITH LYSOZYME1,2

Lindsey, Jerri K.; Vance, B. Dwain; Keeter, Joe S.; Scholes, Vernon E.

doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1971.tb01481.x

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This fact is due to the higher recovery of biocomponents with Alcalase ® than with the control and other enzyme extractions ( Figure 5A,B). These observations agree with previous studies, where cyanobacteria cells modified their shape and size, swelling after a Lysozyme treatment [32]. Less cellular material remained in the residual biomasses extracted with Ultraflo ® and Vinoflow ® ( Figure 5C,D) than in the control experiment (lower observed electronic density).…”

Section: Biomass Analyses By Temsupporting

confidence: 92%

Advantageous Preparation of Digested Proteic Extracts from Spirulina platensis Biomass

2019

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Spirulina biomass has great nutritional value, but its proteins are not as well adsorbed as animal ones are. New functional food ingredients and metabolites can be obtained from spirulina, using different selective biodegradations of its biomass. Four enzyme-assisted extraction methods were independently studied, and their best operation conditions were determined. Enzymes were employed to increase the yield of easily adsorbed proteic extracts. A biomass pre-treatment using Alcalase® (pH 6.5, 1% v/w, and 30 °C) is described, which increased the extraction yield of hydrophilic biocomponents by 90% w/w compared to the simple solvent extraction. Alcalase® gives rise to 2.5–6.1 times more amino acids than the others and eight differential short peptides (438–1493 Da). These processes were scaled up and the extracts were analyzed. Higher destruction of cell integrity in the case of Alcalase® was also visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The described extractive technology uses cheap, commercial, food grade enzymes and hexane, accepted for food and drug safety. It is a promising process for a competitive biofactory, thanks to an efficient production of extracts with high applied potential in the nutrition, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Section: Biomass Analyses By Temsupporting

confidence: 92%

Advantageous Preparation of Digested Proteic Extracts from Spirulina platensis Biomass

2019

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“…1), this correlation may not be causal. However, although lysozyme causes some changes in the ultrastructure of A. nidulans, no such changes were reported in cells of a control in mannitol without lysozyme (6). Further, we have observed no inhibition of dark respiration in Anacystis and Coccochloris after mannitol treatment.…”

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confidence: 69%

Loss of Photosynthetic Activity in Two Blue-Green Algae as a Result of Osmotic Stress

Grodzinski

Colman

1973

J Bacteriol

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“…We attribute the increase in rate of ferricyanide reduction to increase in permeability of the cell wall/membrane barriers. The term permeaplast provides a functional rather than a morphological description, although the cells appear more closely related to "spheroplasts" than to "protoplasts," since electron microscopy has shown that at least one cell wall layer remains (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic Properties of Permaplasts of Anacystis

Ward

Myers

1972

Plant Physiol.

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A treatment procedure using lysozyme and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid gave intact but permeable cells (permeaplasts) of Anacystis nidulans. Rates of electron transport from water to carbon dioxide, ferricyanide, 2, 6-dichlorophenol indo. phenol, benzoquinone, and methyl viologen, and from reduced indophenol to methyl viologen were measured as a function of treatment time. Rates of oxygen evolution in complete photosynthesis and electron flow from water to methyl viologen showed rapid and parallel decline with treatment time. Electron flow from water to ferricyanide and from reduced indophenol to methyl viologen increased during the first half hour of treatment (phase 1) to 60 to 80% of the original photosynthetic rate. Longer treatment (phase 2) resulted in decreased rate of ferricyanide reduction but not in rate of methyl viologen reduction from indophenol. Electron flow from water to quinone was two to three times higher than for complete photosynthesis in intact cells. It remained high during phase 1 and declined during phase 2. Phase 1 permeaplasts apparently retain high activity for photosystems 1 and 2 photoreactions. This alga is less sensitive to lysozyme than others examined and is easily manipulated. Cultures were grown in medium C (7), modified by doubled concentrations of iron and microelements, in a continuous culture chamber (11) at 30 C, and aerated with 1% CO, in air. At 100 ft-c from tungsten lamps and a cell concentration of 2.5 [l cells/ml, the specific growth rate was about 0.9/day.A standard permeaplast preparation was obtained by the following procedure. A harvested cell suspension was centrifuged at 12,000g for 5 to 10 min at 0 C, and the cells were resuspended in 50 mm TES buffer at pH 7.3 to give 7 to 10 1d cells/ml. Lysozyme (Worthington Biochemicals, 2X recrystallized) was added to give 1.5 to 2.0 mg/lA cells, and Na4EDTA was added to give 1.0 mm. Cell suspensions were incubated in 15-ml tubes, about 5 ml/tube at 35 C in room light with occasional stirring by a Vortex mixer. After desired time of treatment, aliquots of suspension were diluted in several volumes of cold TES buffer, centrifuged for 5 to 10 min at 12,000g at 0 C, washed in TES buffer, and resuspended in room temperature TES to give cell concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 /il/ml for assay. Most preparations gave relatively stable activities for about 1 hr when maintained at room temperature after the initial centrifugation.Oxygen exchange was measured by a Beckman oxygen macroelectrode in a cuvette of about 1.5 ml (12) or by a YSI 5331 electrode in a 1.6-ml cuvette at 25 C (17

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SPHEROPLAST FORMATION AND ASSOCIATED ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN A SYNCHRONOUS CULTURE OFANACYSTIS NIDULANSTREATED WITH LYSOZYME¹,²

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Advantageous Preparation of Digested Proteic Extracts from Spirulina platensis Biomass

Advantageous Preparation of Digested Proteic Extracts from Spirulina platensis Biomass

Loss of Photosynthetic Activity in Two Blue-Green Algae as a Result of Osmotic Stress

Photosynthetic Properties of Permaplasts of Anacystis

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