SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams

Serianni, G.; Toigo, V.; Bigi, M.; Boldrin, M.; Chitarin, G.; Bello, S. Dal; Grando, L.; Luchetta, A.; Marcuzzi, D.; Pasqualotto, R.; Pomaro, N.; Zaccaria, P.; Zanotto, L.; Agostinetti, P.; Agostini, M.; Antoni, V.; Aprile, D.; Barbisan, M.; Battistella, M.; Brombin, M.; Cavazzana, R.; Palma, M. Dalla; Dan, M.; Lorenzi, A. De; Delogu, R.; Muri, M. De; Denizeau, S.; Fadone, M.; Fellin, F.; Ferbel, Letizia; Ferro, A.; Gaio, E.; Gambetta, G.; Gasparini, F.; Gnesotto, F.; Jain, Palak; Maistrello, A.; Manduchi, G.; Manfrin, S.; Marchiori, G.; Marconato, N.; Moresco, M.; Patton, T.; Pavei, M.; Peruzzo, S.; Pilan, N.; Pimazzoni, A.; Piovan, R.; Poggi, C.; Recchia, M.; Rizzolo, A.; Rostagni, G.; Sartori, E.; Siragusa, M.; Sonato, P.; Spada, E.; Spagnolo, S.; Spolaore, M.; Taliercio, C.; Tinti, P.; Ugoletti, M.; Valente, M.; Zamengo, A.; Zaniol, B.; Zaupa, M.; Baltador, C.; Cavenago, M.; Boilson, D.; Rotti, C.; Veltri, P.; Bonicelli, T.; Paolucci, Francesco; Muriel, S.; Masiello, A.; Chakraborty, Arun; Patel, Hitesh; Singh, Narinder; Fantz, U.; Heinemann, B.; Kraus, Werner; Kashiwagi, M.; Tsumori, K.

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.036

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The Heating Neutral Beam injectors (HNBs) for ITER are expected to deliver 16.7 MW beams, composed by H/D particles at 1 MeV energy. The solution adopted to produce neutrals at this energy is based on the gas neutralization of H − /D − ions, generated by a radiofrequency (RF) inductively coupled (ICP) plasma source and accelerated by a system of grids at increasing potential [1][2][3][4]. The prototype of the ion sources for the ITER HNBs is under test in the SPIDER experiment, part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) at Consorzio RFX (Padua, Italy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cs-free negative ion production in the ion source SPIDER by cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Barbisan¹,

Agnello

Casati

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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The neutral beam injectors of the ITER experiment will be based on negative ion sources for the generation of beams composed by 1 MeV H/D particles. The prototype of these sources is currently under testing in the SPIDER experiment, part of the Neutral Beam Test Facility of Consorzio RFX, Padua, Italy. Among the targets of the experimentation in SPIDER, it is of foremost importance to maximize the beam current density produced by the accelerator. The SPIDER operating conditions can be optimized thanks to a cavity ring-down spectroscopy diagnostic, which provides line-integrated measurements of negative ion density in proximity of the accelerator apertures. The specific implementation in SPIDER shows a drift in ring down time measurements, which develops in a time scale of few hours, thus possibly affecting the negative ion density estimates in plasma pulses of 1 h duration, as required by ITER. Possible causes and solutions are discussed. Regarding the source performance, this paper presents how negative ion density is influenced by the RF power used to sustain the plasma, and by the magnetic filter field present in SPIDER to limit the amount of co-extracted electrons. In this study, SPIDER was operated in hydrogen and deuterium, in Cs-free conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Cs-free negative ion production in the ion source SPIDER by cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Barbisan¹,

Agnello

Casati

et al. 2022

J. Inst.

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“…After the integrated commissioning of plants and control systems [9] SPIDER operation started in mid-May 2018 with a preliminary characterization of gas pressure and pre-ioniz ation filament circuits [18], namely the parameters that have the greatest effect on the formation of the plasma and the evolution of the beam [19]. Finally, plasma ignition was also characterized [18]. A numerical model was set up to interpret the transient behavior of the gas considering long inlet pipes and grid conductance.…”

Section: The Spider Experiments: First Results and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the ITER neutral beam test facility

Toigo¹,

Bello²,

Bigi³

et al. 2019

Nucl. Fusion

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Heating neutral beam (HNB) injectors, necessary to achieve burning conditions and to control plasma instabilities in ITER, are characterized by such demanding parameters that a neutral beam test facility (NBTF) dedicated to their development and optimization is being realized in Padua (Italy) with direct contributions from the Italian government (through Consorzio RFX as the host entity) and the ITER international organization (with kind contributions from the ITER domestic agencies of Europe, Japan and India) and technical and scientific support from various European laboratories and universities. The NBTF hosts two experiments: SPIDER, devoted to ion source optimization for the required source performance, and MITICA, the full-size prototype of the ITER HNB, with an ion source identical to SPIDER.This paper gives an overview of the progress towards NBTF realization, with particular emphasis on issues discovered during this phase of activity and on solutions adopted to minimize the impact on the schedule and maintain the goals of the facilities. The realization of MITICA is well advanced; operation is expected to start in 2023 due to the long procurement time of the in-vessel mechanical components. The beam source power supplies, operating at 1 MV, are in an advanced phase of realization; all high-voltage components have been installed and the complex insulation test phase began in 2018. At the same time, construction and installation of SPIDER plant systems was successfully completed with their integration into the facility. The mechanical components of the SPIDER ion source were installed inside the vessel and connected to the plants. Integrated commissioning with the control, protection and safety systems ended positively and the first experimental phase has begun. The first results of the SPIDER experiment, with data from operational diagnostics, and the plans for the 1 MV insulation tests on the MITICA high-voltage components are presented.

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“…In order to succeed in achieving the ITER NBI parameters, several smaller test facilities have been realized to test the feasibility and reliability of RF-driven negative ion sources. The full-size scale 100 keV ITER NBI source SPIDER [3] is in operation at Consorzio RFX (Padua) since July 2018; the 1 MV full-line testbed (MITICA) is still under construction [4].…”

Section: The Elise Test Facility Towards the Iter Nbimentioning

confidence: 99%