Spiders in Ecological Webs

Wise, David H.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511623431

Cited by 863 publications

(744 citation statements)

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“…The physical structure of environments has an important influence on the composition of spider communities (Cherrett 1964, Duffey 1966, Gunnarson 1990, Halaj et al 1998, Hatley & MacMahon 1980, Rypstra 1983, Wise 1993. Strong predominance of web-building spiders on Dimerandra suggests that this orchid provides suitable web attachment sites with its numerous erect and densely clustered stems and leaves.…”

Section: Differences In Spider Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spiders are very important predators in tropical forests (Dial & Roughgarden 1995, Nentwig 1985, Wise 1993), sometimes even the major arboreal invertebrate predator (Pfeiffer 1996). Thus, if epiphytes strongly influence spider composition, it is possible that they indirectly influence the arthropod faunas of tropical canopies.…”

Section: Differences In Spider Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and structure of the arthropod fauna within three canopy epiphyte species in central Panama

et al. 2002

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ABSTRACT. The arthropod fauna inhabiting 90 individuals of three different species of epiphyte was investigated in the moist lowland forest of the Barro Colorado National Monument in Panama. In total, 3694 arthropods belonging to 89 morphospecies and 19 orders were collected. While arthropod abundance was primarily a function of host plant biomass irrespective of epiphyte species, there were pronounced differences in species richness, species composition and guild structure of the arthropod faunas of the three epiphyte species. Although all study plants were growing in close proximity on the same host tree species, there was remarkably little overlap in the species assemblages across epiphyte taxa. The inhabitant species also differed dramatically in their ecological functions, as feeding guild and hunting guild analyses indicated. The influence of plant size, structure and impounded leaf litter on arthropod diversity is discussed. We conclude that epiphytes are microhabitats for a diverse and numerous fauna, and that different species of epiphytes foster both taxonomically and ecologically very distinct arthropod assemblages.

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Section: Differences In Spider Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Differences In Spider Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and structure of the arthropod fauna within three canopy epiphyte species in central Panama

et al. 2002

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“…A seleção destes dois táxons teve por finalidade amostrar uma grande diversidade dentro do repertório predatório da aranha, dado serem presas muito diferentes quanto ao formato geral do corpo, ao seu comportamento, ao nível de agressividade (p.ex., observamos frequenctemtne em laboratório formigas Atta sp amputando a perna de uma aranha orbitela -Metazygia rogenhoferi Keyserling 1878 -enquanto a aranha tentava capturá-la). Além disso tais presas oferecem diferenças também quanto à experiência prévia da aranha com cada uma delas; vários estudos mostram que formigas são ítens alimentares freqüentes, podendo compor até 75% da dieta de teridídeos (Holldobler 1970, Carico 1978, MacKay 1982, Nyffeler & Benz 1987, Nyffeler et al 1988, Breene et al 1989, 1993, enquanto que as larvas compõem apenas 2% da dieta dessas aranhas (Riechert & Luczak 1982 (25906,25910,27661,27665,27669,27671,27676,32363, 32364 e 34747).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…Teias em alçapão, lençóis recobrindo superfícies, lençóis aéreos, malhas tridimensionais irregulares, teias orbiculares: uma grande diversidade de estratégias que evoluíram para lidar com uma diversidade ainda maior de presas (Wise 1993). Some-se a isso o fato de que um mesmo padrão de teia pode ter surgido independentemente em diferentes grupos, e poderemos ter uma diversidade comportamental ainda maior entre as aranhas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Forrageamento em Achaearanea cinnabarina levi 1963 (Araneae, Theridiidae) e evolução da caça em aranhas de teia irregular

Japyassú¹,

Jotta²

2005

Biota Neotrop.

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Orbweb monophyly and its evolution towards monophyletic irregular webs are a recent demonstration of the utility of behaviour on phylogenetic analyses. The loss of web regularity implies a change in prey signal reception by the spider, and therefore should be accompanied by changes in the hunting repertoire. We investigate this hypothesis by comparing hunting tactics in Achaearanea cinnabarina Levi 1963 with that of other theridiids and also with orbweavers. We have videotaped 40 captures of two prey taxa; the sessions have been transcribed with the program Observer Video Pro and afterwards analyzed with the program EthoSeq. Achaearanea cinnabarina hunting routines are extremely plastic, so that they probably will show a low level of taxonomic information. Nevertheless there is also a large number of context independent routines, routines which occur with both prey types, and these routines are probably useful for cladistic analysis. Achaearanea cinnabarina unconditionally uses the wrap-bite strategy, one that is used mainly towards dangerous prey among orbweavers. This is probably a result of evolutionary changes in the diet (ants are a major prey of theridiids), which in turn are probably the result of combined changes in web structure and website selection. Thus, the evolution of orbwebs to theridiid cobwebs resulted in a reduction of the hunting repertoire.Key words: Araneae, Theridiidae, Achaearanea cinnabarina, foraging, evolution ResumoA monofilia da teia orbicular e sua evolução para teias irregulares, também monofiléticas, é um dos casos recentes que mostram a utilidade do comportamento em análises filogenéticas. A perda de regularidade da teia implica mudanças na recepção de sinais da presa, o que pode provocar alterações no repertório de caça. Investigamos esta hipótese comparando as estratégias de caça em Achaearanea cinnabarina Levi 1963 com a de outros teridídeos e também com orbitelas, discutindo assim a evolução do comportamento de caça no grupo. Filmamos 40 seqüências de captura de frente a dois tipos de presa; as seqüências foram transcritas com o auxílio do programa Observer Video-Pro e analisadas através do programa EthoSeq. As rotinas de caça em A. cinnabarina são extremamente plásticas, o que sugere serem caracteres com nível reduzido de informação taxonômica; por outro lado, um número expressivo de rotinas comportamentais independe do contexto, ocorrendo com ambos os tipos de presa, o que sugere serem úteis na análise cladística. A. cinnabarina se utiliza sempre da estratégia enrola-morde, uma estratégia que em orbitelas é utilizada principalmente frente a presas que oferecem risco à aranha. A adoção indiscriminada de uma estratégia para presas perigosas foi provavelmente selecionada pelo aumento na proporção deste tipo de presas (formigas), que por sua vez decorre de alterações evolutivas na estrutura da armadilha e na seleção de microhabitat. Assim, a transformação da teia orbicular em teia de lençol com sapatas adesivas, típica dos teridídeos, levou a uma simplificação do repert...

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“…These generalists attack insects non-specifically, and may stabilize arthropod populations (RIECHERT & LOCKLEY 1984;NATURALREsOURCES INSTITUTE 1991;WISE 1995). Analysis ofthe arachnological communities regarding their different trophic strategies, phenologies, and habitat preferences allows the definition of several functional groups (UETZ et ai.…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution and importance of spiders inhabiting a Brazilian sugar cane plantation

2002

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ABSTRACT. The spider fauna (Araneae) of a sugar cane plantation was surveyed monthly by hand collection and beating vegetation in sugar cane fields across Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Composition and richness (family and species where identification to species was possible) microhabitat preferences were recorded, and diversity and evenness indices were calculated. A total of 1291 spiders belonging to 73 species and 20 families were collected. The most diverse families were Theridiidae, Salticidae, and Araneidae, and the most abundant ones were Theridiidae, Salticidae, Anyphaenidae, and Araneidae. Seven species represented 58.6% of the total fauna, with Crysso pulcherrima (Mello-Leitão, 1917) (Theridiidae) composing 28.2%. About 65% of the spiders occupied the upper part of the plants (above 20 cm). Five spider species were present in the sugar cane throughout crop development. Evidence of spiders feeding on sugar cane pest species was observed.

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Spiders in Ecological Webs

Cited by 863 publications

References 0 publications

Diversity and structure of the arthropod fauna within three canopy epiphyte species in central Panama

Diversity and structure of the arthropod fauna within three canopy epiphyte species in central Panama

Forrageamento em Achaearanea cinnabarina levi 1963 (Araneae, Theridiidae) e evolução da caça em aranhas de teia irregular

Distribution and importance of spiders inhabiting a Brazilian sugar cane plantation

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