In this work, we report the facile hydrothermal synthesis of manganese cobaltite nanoparticles (MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs) which can efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the generation of sulfate free radicals (SO 4 c À ) and degradation of organic dyes. The synthesized MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs have a polyhedral morphology with cubic spinel structure, homogeneously distributed Mn, Co, and O elements, and an average size less than 50 nm. As demonstrated, MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs showed the highest catalytic activity among all tested catalysts (MnO 2 , CoO) and outperformed other spinel-based catalysts for Methylene Blue (MB) degradation. The MB degradation efficiency reached 100% after 25 min of reaction under initial conditions of 500 mg L À1 Oxone, 20 mg L À1 MnCo 2 O 4.5 , 20 mg L À1 MB, unadjusted pH, and T ¼ 25 C.MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs showed a great catalytic activity in a wide pH range (3.5-11), catalyst dose (10-60 mg L À1 ), Oxone concentration (300-1500 mg L À1 ), MB concentration (5-40 mg L À1 ), and temperature (25-55 C). HCO 3 À , CO 3 2À and particularly Cl À coexisting anions were found to inhibit the catalytic activity of MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs. Radical quenching experiments revealed that sulfate radicals are primarily responsible for MB degradation. A reaction sequence for the catalytic activation of PMS was proposed. The asprepared MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs could be reused for at least three consecutive cycles with small deterioration in their performance due to low metal leaching. This study suggests a facile route for synthesizing MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs with high catalytic activity for PMS activation and efficient degradation of organic dyes. † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Inuence of reaction sequence and NO 3 À concentration on MB degradation, the proposed reactions of coexisting anions with free radicals, and some physicochemical properties of H 2 O 2 , PS and PMS. See The as-synthesized MnCo 2 O 4.5 sample was characterized by Xray diffraction (XRD; Siemens D5005 X-ray diffractometer; Cu-Ka radiation, l ¼ 1.5418Å; voltage/current 30 kV/40 mA; scan rate 0.9 /min; scan step 0.03 ; 2q from 10 to 70 ), scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Hitachi S4800 eld-emission scanning electron microscope), scanning TEM (STEM; JEOL JEM-ARM200F microscope; high-angle annular dark-eld (HAADF) detector; voltage 200 kV; spherical aberration corrector; nominal resolution 0.8Å), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; Shimadzu Kratos AXIS-ULTRA DLD; monochromated Al Ka radiation). The average crystallite size of MnCo 2 O 4.5 particles was calculated using Scherrer equation: 16where l is the wavelength of Cu Ka irradiation, l ¼ 1.5418Å, b is the full width at maximal half (FWHM), q is Bragg diffraction angle (peak position), and k ¼ 0.9.
Catalysis studiesThe catalytic activity of MnCo 2 O 4.5 NPs for PMS activation was evaluated through the degradation of organic dyes in batch 3776 | RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 3775-3788This journal is Fig. 11 COD removal efficiency of MnCo 2 O 4.5 /PMS system for different sources of contaminant.378...