Spill site characterization in environmental forensic investigations

Owens, E H; Taylor, Elliott; Parker, Heather A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803832-1.00001-5

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…When oil is spilled, oil and water are left in a two-layer mixture or weathered to form emulsions. Oil spilled on the water surface initially spreads into a very thin layer [17]. Due to the high absorption power of water in the SWIR wavelength region, the spectral reflectance of the oil on top of the water is negligibly small.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the remote sensing community, spectral reflectance of thick emulsions has been extensively studied in the SWIR wavelength region to generate maps of oil-to-water ratios [18,19], to estimate the concentration of oil [20], and to estimate the thickness of oil [19,[21][22][23]. Because weathering and emulsification are dynamic processes [17], the major challenge is to track the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the oil during the estimation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the Potential of Oil Spill Monitoring in a Port Environment Using Optical Reflectance

Koirala,

Mboga,

Moelans

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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In this work, we studied the potential of the visible, near-infrared, and shortwave infrared wavelength regions for monitoring oil spill incidents using optical reflectance. First, a simple physical model was designed for accurate oil thickness and volume estimation using optical reflectance. The developed method was made invariant to changes in acquisition and illumination conditions. In the next step, an algorithm based on an artificial neural network was designed to detect spilled oil. The training samples that are required to optimize the parameters of the network were generated by utilizing the proposed physical model. To validate the method, experiments were conducted in laboratory and outdoor scenarios for detection and thickness/volume estimation on four different oil types. In particular, we developed hyperspectral datasets of oil samples with varying thickness between 500 µm and 5000 µm acquired using two different sensors, an Agrispec spectrometer and an Imec snapscan shortwave infrared hyperspectral camera, in strictly controlled experimental settings. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed method in outdoor environments using solely the visible wavelength region, we monitored the evolution of artificially spilled oil in an outdoor scene with an RGB camera mounted on a drone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Potential of Oil Spill Monitoring in a Port Environment Using Optical Reflectance

Koirala,

Mboga,

Moelans

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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“…15,18−20 Identifying the chemical composition and source of the spilled oil allows responders to better predict the potential for oil weathering and ultimately the resulting environmental impact of the spill. 21 The majority of research on oil fate and behavior in aqueous systems focuses on marine spills. Freshwater oil spills have received much less attention, 22 even though they have occurred more frequently than their marine counterparts.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical distribution patterns and diagnostic ratios of certain hydrocarbon groups including n- alkanes, PAHs, and biomarkers generate a unique chemical “fingerprint” that can be used to determine the source of the oil and characterize weathering processes occurring over time . This chemical fingerprinting approach was used extensively in the marine environment following the Deepwater Horizon spill and other marine releases. ,− Identifying the chemical composition and source of the spilled oil allows responders to better predict the potential for oil weathering and ultimately the resulting environmental impact of the spill …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Weathering Patterns of Diluted Bitumen Spilled into Freshwater Limnocorrals

Stoyanovich

Saunders

Yang

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Due to the sudden nature of oil spills, few controlled studies have documented how oil weathers immediately following accidental release into a natural lake environment. Here, we evaluated the weathering patterns of Cold Lake Winter Blend, a diluted bitumen (dilbit) product, by performing a series of controlled spills into limnocorrals installed in a freshwater lake in Northern Ontario, Canada. Using a regression-based design, we added seven different dilbit volumes, ranging from 1.5 to 180 L, resulting in oil-to-water ratios between 1:71,000 (v/v) and 1:500 (v/v). We monitored changes in the composition of various petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs), including nalkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oil biomarkers in dilbit over time, as it naturally weathered for 70 days. Depletion rate constants (k D ) of n-alkanes and PAHs ranged from 0.0009 to 0.41 d −1 and 0.0008 to 0.38 d −1 , respectively. There was no significant relationship between k D and spill volume, suggesting that spill size did not influence the depletion of petroleum hydrocarbons from the slick. Diagnostic ratios calculated from concentrations of n-alkanes, isoprenoids, and PAHs indicated that evaporation and photooxidation were major processes contributing to dilbit weathering, whereas dissolution and biodegradation were less important. These results demonstrate the usefulness of large scale field studies carried out under realistic environmental conditions to elucidate the role of different weathering processes following a dilbit spill.

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Spill site characterization in environmental forensic investigations

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Study on the Potential of Oil Spill Monitoring in a Port Environment Using Optical Reflectance

Study on the Potential of Oil Spill Monitoring in a Port Environment Using Optical Reflectance

Chemical Weathering Patterns of Diluted Bitumen Spilled into Freshwater Limnocorrals

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