Spillover of<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>from Wildlife to Livestock, South  Africa

Musoke, Jolly; Hlokwe, Tiny Motlatso; Marcotty, Tanguy; Plessis, Ben J.A. Du; Michel, Anita Luise

doi:10.3201/eid2103.131690

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Although M. bovis is most often isolated from tuberculous cattle, it has a broad range of susceptible host species, including humans (2)(3)(4). The control of TB in cattle is therefore difficult due to the existence of wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis, such as white-tailed deer in the United States, Eurasian badgers in Great Britain, wild boars in Spain, and brushtail possums in New Zealand (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

Lyashchenko

Grandison

Keskinen

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Bovine tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, remains an important zoonotic disease posing a serious threat to livestock and wildlife. The current TB tests relying on cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in cattle have performance limitations. To identify new serodiagnostic markers of bovine TB, we screened a panel of 101 recombinant proteins, including 10 polyepitope fusions, by a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) with well-characterized serum samples serially collected from cattle with experimental or naturally acquired M. bovis infection. A novel set of 12 seroreactive antigens was established. Evaluation of selected proteins in the dual-path platform (DPP) assay showed that the highest diagnostic accuracy (ϳ95%) was achieved with a cocktail of five best-performing antigens, thus demonstrating the potential for development of an improved and more practical serodiagnostic test for bovine TB.KEYWORDS antigen, antibody, Mycobacterium bovis, serodiagnosis, tuberculosis B ovine tuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex (1). Although M. bovis is most often isolated from tuberculous cattle, it has a broad range of susceptible host species, including humans (2-4). The control of TB in cattle is therefore difficult due to the existence of wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis, such as white-tailed deer in the United States, Eurasian badgers in Great Britain, wild boars in Spain, and brushtail possums in New Zealand (5-8).The antemortem diagnostic methods currently approved for use in cattle have limitations. The intradermal tuberculin test has suboptimal sensitivity and inconsistent performance (1, 9, 10), while the available blood-based assays, such as the Thermo Fisher Scientific Bovigam TB kit or the Idexx M. bovis antibody (Ab) test, lack the required accuracy and show a significant variability when used in different geographic areas (11-13). Given the ease of sample collection and the test procedure, antibody detection assays may be useful to identify M. bovis-infected cattle (1,14,15), but the existing methods require improvement.The primary goal of the present study was to identify novel seroreactive antigens of M. bovis. Using a multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) and well-characterized serum samples serially collected from cattle with experimental or naturally acquired M. bovis infection, we screened a panel of 101 recombinant proteins of M. tuberculosis, including 10 polyepitope fusions. The performance of MAPIA-selected candidates was also evaluated in pilot experiments using the dual-path platform (DPP) technology to

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

Lyashchenko

Grandison

Keskinen

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…It is currently endemic in the Greater Kruger National Park Complex and the Hluhluwe‐iMfolozi Park (Hlokwe et al., ; Michel et al., ), as well as several private farms and conservancies (Hlokwe, De Klerk‐Lorist, & Michel, , South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries annual disease reports). African buffaloes are well‐known maintenance hosts of TB (Michel & Bengis, ) and play an important role in TB spillover to other wildlife species (Michel et al., ), as well as “spill‐back” to domestic cattle (Musoke, Hlokwe, Marcotty, du Plessis, & Michel, ). Some rare and endangered species have been recently added to the list of TB susceptible species, including white rhinoceros ( Ceratotherium simum ), black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis ) Miller, Buss, van Helden, & Parsons, ; Miller & Lyashchenko, ) and African wild dog ( Lycaon pictus ) (de Klerk‐Lorist LM personal communication).…”

Section: Bcg Vaccination Of Wild Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop

Marais

Buddle

Klerk‐Lorist

et al. 2018

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The global burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains poorly characterized, with spill‐over impacts on multiple species. The “One Health” concept is especially relevant given the bidirectional risk of cattle infecting humans with Mycobacterium bovis and humans infecting cattle with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. “Test and cull” is the traditional bTB control method, but the strategy may not be economically feasible or culturally acceptable where cattle are highly prized or their killing is a religious taboo; it is also less effective when there are wildlife reservoirs of infection. Vaccination with M. bovis bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) provides protection against bTB, but its use in animals has been limited. The Jerusalem One Health workshop considered key bTB knowledge gaps and innovative solutions. Knowledge gaps identified included (a) the poorly quantified prevalence of M. bovis infection and disease in cattle, domestic camelids and human populations in developing countries, (b) the absence of alternatives to a “test and cull” strategy in settings where the killing of infected animals is culturally or economically unacceptable, or where affected species are protected and (c) an understanding of the induction of mucosal immunity against bTB. We summarize discussions on the use of BCG vaccination in domestic animals and wildlife and list potential projects to address the knowledge gaps identified.

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“…Wildlife species have been implicated as having a potential role to play in transmitting diseases to livestock (Michel & Bengis, ). In an earlier study, evidence of wildlife acting as the apparent source for M. bovis infection to neighbouring cattle was demonstrated (Musoke, Hlokwe, Marcotty, du Plessis, & Michel, ). The translocation of infected wildlife in the absence of a suitable surveillance programme was identified as one of the risk factors for the transmission of bovine TB among different wildlife reserves and farms (Hlokwe, Klerk‐Lorist, & Michel, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

First detection ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the Greater Kruger National Park Complex: Role and implications

Hlokwe

Michel

Mitchel

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis has become endemic in some wildlife populations in South Africa. The disease has been reported in 21 wildlife species in the country. In this study, we report M. bovis infection in two female giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) from two different nature reserves within the Greater Kruger National Park Complex (GKNPC). Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from tissue lesions consistent with macroscopic appearance of tuberculosis (TB) and confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), targeting the RD4 region of difference on the genome of the isolates. Spoligotyping and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) typing revealed infection of one giraffe with a strain (SB0294) previously not detected in South Africa, while a resident M. bovis strain (SB0121) was detected from the other giraffe. Our work is first to report M. bovis infection in free‐ranging giraffes in South Africa. We have further demonstrated the existence of at least three genetically unrelated strains currently infecting wildlife species within the GKNPC. This finding suggests that the epidemiological situation of M. bovis within the GKNPC is not only driven by internal sources from its established endemic presence, but can be additionally fuelled by strains introduced from external sources. It further emphasizes that regular wildlife disease surveillance is an essential prerequisite for the timely identification of new pathogens or strains in ecospheres of high conservation value.

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Spillover ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Wildlife to Livestock, South  Africa

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop

First detection ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the Greater Kruger National Park Complex: Role and implications

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Spillover ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Wildlife to Livestock, South Africa

Cited by 65 publications

References 11 publications

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

Identification of Novel Antigens Recognized by Serum Antibodies in Bovine Tuberculosis

BCG vaccination for bovine tuberculosis; conclusions from the Jerusalem One Health workshop

First detection ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) in the Greater Kruger National Park Complex: Role and implications

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Spillover ofMycobacterium bovisfrom Wildlife to Livestock, South  Africa