Spin Coating Method Fabricated of In₂O₃ Thin Films

Abstract

In this work, the In2O3 thin films have been fabricated using a spin coating technique; this technique was prepared in our laboratory. The effect of the layer times (3, 5, 7 and 9 times) on optical and structural properties was investigated. In2O3 thin films were fabricated by dissolving 0.2 M of the indium chloride dehydrate InCl3.2H2O in the absolute H2O. The In2O3 thin films were crystallized at a temperature of 600 °C with pending time of 1 hour. The optical property shows that the prepared In2O3 thin films for 3 and 5 times have a transmission of about 85 %. The maximum bandgap energy was 3.69 eV for 5 times and the lowest Urbach energy was 0.47 eV for 9 times. From XDR all fabricated In2O3 thin films having one diffraction crystal plan is (222) peak intensity, this attribution have good crystalline structure with minimum crystallite size of the (222) plan is 59.69 nm. The prepared In2O3 thin films can be used in photovoltaic applications due to the existing phase and higher transmission.

Study of the Structural, Optical, Electrical and Morphological Properties of Nickel Sulfide Thin Films Used in Supercapacitors

“…The electrical conductivity of NiS was determined by the four-points probe method, it is based on the measured sheet resistance of the films as expressed by the following formula [25]:…”

Activated Carbon and Coconut Coir with the Incorporation of ABR System as Greywater Filter: The Implications for Wastewater Treatment

“…The greywater filter using ABR and MF technologies was tested on samples AL1 and AL2, which were highly polluted, based on the domestic wastewater quality standard threshold [31]. In the experiment, a significant improvement in the greywater turbidity was observed after the trial, while Table 2 (after filtering process) shows the pH, BOD, COD, and TSS values of the greywater after passing through the greywater filter.…”