“…9–13 However, the slow kinetics and high overpotential greatly confine the OER, leading to considerable loss of energy during the reaction. 14–17 Currently, iridium (Ir) and ruthenium (Ru) based materials serve as efficient commercial electrocatalysts to accelerate the OER, yet the scarcity of noble metals limits their widespread application. 18–20 Therefore, it is imperative to develop non-noble metal based electrocatalysts, which are not only suitable for large-scale application but also exhibit exceptional performance.…”