Spin‐Injection in Graphene: An EPR and Raman Study

Fragkogiannis, Christos; Belles, Loukas; Gournis, Dimitrios; Deligiannakis, Yiannis; Georgakilas, Vasilios

doi:10.1002/chem.202301720

Chemistry A European J

2023

DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301720

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Spin‐Injection in Graphene: An EPR and Raman Study

Christos Fragkogiannis

Loukas Belles

Dimitrios Gournis

et al.

Abstract: In this article, the enrichment of graphene and graphene oxide with free radicals through their functionalization with tyrosine is studied. In contrast with what is commonly observed in the functionalization of graphene with organic species the addition of tyrosine radicals on to the graphene substrate led to a remarkable increase of the aromatic character as indicated by the spectroscopic data. Similar behavior was observed for the functionalization of graphene oxide. In addition, a brief analysis of the tyro… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

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Probing Prismatic/Basal Surfaces of Carbon Materials upon Graphitization by Gas Adsorption, TPD, and XPS

Vidal,

Dehaghani,

Yoshii

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The prismatic and basal plane surfaces of carbon materials dictate most of their anisotropic physicochemical properties. For many applications where interfacial interactions are key, high-temperature treatments are performed to achieve their graphitization. Such treatment changes edge and basal plane configuration, impacting the energetical behavior of the carbon surfaces, particularly for carbon nanomaterials, with consequences for their properties. Therefore, efforts should be devoted to probing the prismatic and basal plane surfaces of such materials to understand their surface properties for the development of highperformance carbon materials. Herein, we investigate the effect of hightemperature graphitization (3073 K) on the structural, textural, chemical, and magnetic properties of graphitic carbon nanomaterials presenting different prismatic/basal surfaces. The evolution of the prismatic/basal surfaces has been probed by nitrogen adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Although these three techniques are in agreement for the starting materials, they diverge in the case of materials that have undergone thermal annealing. This is linked in particular to the formation of loops following the heat treatment, which are identified as belonging to the prismatic surface by XPS and modified the N 2 adsorptive potentials. Formed small vacancies on closed loops and nonperfect closure of certain loops can contribute to the accumulation of very reactive defects at the loop level. The thermal annealing also has a pronounced influence on the magnetic properties of these materials. Interestingly, we show that a positive correlation exists between the spin density of the annealed graphitic carbons and their prismatic and basal surfaces.

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Probing Prismatic/Basal Surfaces of Carbon Materials upon Graphitization by Gas Adsorption, TPD, and XPS

Vidal,

Dehaghani,

Yoshii

et al. 2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Plasma-Assisted Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Applications in Energy Storage

Li,

Han,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) exhibits mechanical, optoelectronic, and conductive properties comparable to pristine graphene, which has led to its widespread use as a method for producing graphene-like materials in bulk. This paper reviews the characteristics of graphene oxide and the evolution of traditional reduction methods, including chemical and thermal techniques. A comparative analysis reveals that these traditional methods encounter challenges, such as toxicity and high energy consumption, while plasma reduction offers advantages like enhanced controllability, the elimination of additional reducing agents, and reduced costs. However, plasma reduction is complex and significantly influenced by process parameters. This review highlights the latest advancements in plasma technology for reducing graphene oxide, examining its effectiveness across various gas environments. Inert gas plasmas, such as argon (Ar) and helium (He), demonstrate superior reduction efficiency, while mixed gases facilitate simultaneous impurity reduction. Additionally, carbon-based gases can aid in restoring defects in graphene oxide. This paper concludes by discussing the future prospects of plasma-reduced graphene and emphasizes the importance of understanding plasma parameters to manage energy and chemical footprints for effective reduction.

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Spin‐Injection in Graphene: An EPR and Raman Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 35 publications

Probing Prismatic/Basal Surfaces of Carbon Materials upon Graphitization by Gas Adsorption, TPD, and XPS

Probing Prismatic/Basal Surfaces of Carbon Materials upon Graphitization by Gas Adsorption, TPD, and XPS

Plasma-Assisted Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Its Applications in Energy Storage

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