Spin Speed and Duration Dependence of TiO<sub>2</sub>Thin Films pH Sensing Behavior

Zulkefle, Muhammad AlHadi; Rahman, Rashidah Abdul; Yusof, Khairul Aimi; Abdullah, Wan Fazlida Hanim; Rusop, M.; Herman, Sukreen Hana

doi:10.1155/2016/9746156

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…decreases the grain size and thickness of the thin films [30]. In addition, the thickness of the n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film was obtained as 262, 240, and 233 nm, which corresponded to spinning speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm, respectively.…”

Section: Morphological Properties Of N-tio 2 /Zno Bilayer Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…This condition corresponds with a previous study by M. Zulkefle et al, which stated that higher spin speeds generated a higher centrifugal force in the ZnO solution, resulting in more ZnO particles being thrown away. The reduction in the number of ZnO particles subsequently decreases the grain size and thickness of the thin films [30]. In addition, the thickness of the n-TiO 2 /ZnO bilayer thin film was obtained as 262, 240, and 233 nm, which corresponded to spinning speeds of 1000, 2000, and 3000 rpm, respectively.…”

Section: Morphological Properties Of N-tio 2 /Zno Bilayer Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 94%

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The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

Arifin,

Mhd Noor,

Mohamad

et al. 2024

Coatings

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The spinning speed parameter plays a crucial role in determining the properties of an n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film fabricated using the sol–gel spin-coating technique, especially for solar cell applications. In this study, various spinning speeds were employed on an n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film, and characterizations were conducted, such as morphological, structural, and optical properties. The findings revealed that the optimal conditions for the thin film were achieved at a spinning speed of 3000 rpm. Under this condition, a homogenous and compact surface morphology was observed, with an even distribution of ZnO grains. The successful fabrication of an n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film was confirmed by the presence of characteristic peaks for both TiO2 and ZnO. Obviously, three dominant ZnO orientation peaks, which included (100), (002), and (101) were identified. The prevalence of the (002)-ZnO orientation plane indicated a high-quality structure with excellent crystallinity. In terms of optical properties, the achievement of high transmittance up to 75% resembles the high transparency of the thin film. The optical energy of the n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film is estimated at 3.10 eV. In summary, the spinning speed parameter played a pivotal role in enhancing various properties of the thin film, making it a significant factor in its development for diverse applications.

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Section: Morphological Properties Of N-tio 2 /Zno Bilayer Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Morphological Properties Of N-tio 2 /Zno Bilayer Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

Arifin,

Mhd Noor,

Mohamad

et al. 2024

Coatings

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“…In general, each of these techniques has a unique set of benefits and drawbacks, and the use of methodology is completely applicationdependent. However, all of these deposition techniques are suitable for depositing thin films with precise control over the film-growth process parameters that allow fine tuning of film thickness, composition, and microstructure according to application specifications, including surface modification of thin films [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Therefore, vacuum-based coating equipment is used in laboratories for cutting-edge experiments and investigations as the coating industries are demanding techniques with new working principles, and highly efficient material synthesis with more precise film quality control for the advancement of modern science and development.…”

Section: Pvd Techniques Advantages and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-Vapor-Deposited Metal Oxide Thin Films for pH Sensing Applications: Last Decade of Research Progress

Nur-E-Alam,

Maurya,

Yap

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In the last several decades, metal oxide thin films have attracted significant attention for the development of various existing and emerging technological applications, including pH sensors. The mandate for consistent and precise pH sensing techniques has been increasing across various fields, including environmental monitoring, biotechnology, food and agricultural industries, and medical diagnostics. Metal oxide thin films grown using physical vapor deposition (PVD) with precise control over film thickness, composition, and morphology are beneficial for pH sensing applications such as enhancing pH sensitivity and stability, quicker response, repeatability, and compatibility with miniaturization. Various PVD techniques, including sputtering, evaporation, and ion beam deposition, used to fabricate thin films for tailoring materials’ properties for the advanced design and development of high-performing pH sensors, have been explored worldwide by many research groups. In addition, various thin film materials have also been investigated, including metal oxides, nitrides, and nanostructured films, to make very robust pH sensing electrodes with higher pH sensing performance. The development of novel materials and structures has enabled higher sensitivity, improved selectivity, and enhanced durability in harsh pH environments. The last decade has witnessed significant advancements in PVD thin films for pH sensing applications. The combination of precise film deposition techniques, novel materials, and surface functionalization strategies has led to improved pH sensing performance, making PVD thin films a promising choice for future pH sensing technologies.

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“…The precursor was spin-coated using a two-step spin-coating process by a Laurell WS-650NZ-23NPP/LITE spin coater (Laurell Technologies, Lansdale, PA, USA). In the first step, a rotation speed of 2000 rotations per minute (rpm) was applied for 20 s, followed by the second step with a rotation speed of 3000 rpm for 10 s to obtain uniform spin-coated films [89,90]. For individual sample preparation, 70 µL of a precursor solution was first dropped onto the substrate to ensure that the substrates were fully covered before starting the spin coating.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Prepared TiO2 Thin Films Annealed at Various Temperatures

He,

Zahn,

Madeira

2023

Materials

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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the form of thin films has attracted enormous attention for photocatalysis. It combines the fundamental properties of TiO2 as a large bandgap semiconductor with the advantage of thin films, making it competitive with TiO2 powders for recycling and maintenance in photocatalytic applications. There are many aspects affecting the photocatalytic performance of thin film structures, such as the nanocrystalline size, surface morphology, and phase composition. However, the quantification of each influencing aspect needs to be better studied and correlated. Here, we prepared a series of TiO2 thin films using a sol-gel process and spin-coated on p-type, (100)-oriented silicon substrates with a native oxide layer. The as-deposited TiO2 thin films were then annealed at different temperatures from 400 °C to 800 °C for 3 h in an ambient atmosphere. This sample synthesis provided systemic parameter variation regarding the aspects mentioned above. To characterize thin films, several techniques were used. Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was employed for the investigation of the film thickness and the optical properties. The results revealed that an increasing annealing temperature reduced the film thickness with an increase in the refractive index. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to examine the surface morphology, revealing an increased surface roughness and grain sizes. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV-Raman spectroscopy were used to study the phase composition and crystallite size. The annealing process initially led to the formation of pure anatase, followed by a transformation from anatase to rutile as the annealing temperature increased. An overall enhancement in crystallinity was also observed. The photocatalytic properties of the thin films were tested using the photocatalytic decomposition of acetone gas in a home-built solid (photocatalyst)–gas (reactant) reactor. The composition of the gas mixture in the reaction chamber was monitored using in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Finally, all of the structural and spectroscopic characteristics of the TiO2 thin films were quantified and correlated with their photocatalytic properties using a correlation matrix. This provided a good overview of which film properties affect the photocatalytic efficiency the most.

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Spin Speed and Duration Dependence of TiO₂Thin Films pH Sensing Behavior

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

Physical-Vapor-Deposited Metal Oxide Thin Films for pH Sensing Applications: Last Decade of Research Progress

Photocatalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Prepared TiO2 Thin Films Annealed at Various Temperatures

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Spin Speed and Duration Dependence of TiO2Thin Films pH Sensing Behavior

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

The Impact of Spinning Speed on n-TiO2/ZnO Bilayer Thin Film Fabricated through Sol–Gel Spin-Coating Method

Physical-Vapor-Deposited Metal Oxide Thin Films for pH Sensing Applications: Last Decade of Research Progress

Photocatalytic Performance of Sol-Gel Prepared TiO2 Thin Films Annealed at Various Temperatures

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Spin Speed and Duration Dependence of TiO₂Thin Films pH Sensing Behavior