Spin‐up of UK Earth System Model 1 (UKESM1) for CMIP6

Yool, Andrew; Palmiéri, Julien; Jones, Colin; Sellar, Alistair; Mora, L. De; Kuhlbrodt, Till; Popova, Ekaterina; Mulcahy, Jane; Wiltshire, Andy; Rumbold, Steven T.; Stringer, Marc; Hill, Richard S.; Tang, Yongming; Walton, Jeremy; Blaker, Adam T.; Nurser, A. J. George; Coward, Andrew C.; Hirschi, Joël; Woodward, Stephanie; Kelley, Douglas I.; Ellis, Richard J.; Rumbold‐Jones, S.

doi:10.1029/2019ms001933

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…erefore, different momentum flux parameterization schemes in the model are realized by different calculation schemes for z 0 . 1.20 0.025 Wu [14] 0.80 0.065 Large and Pond [15] 0.49 0.065 Donelan [16] 0.96 0.041 Geernaert et al [9] 0.58 0.085 Vickers and Mahrt [17] 0.75 0.067 Drennan et al [18] 0.60 0.070 Guan and Xie [19] 0.78 0.065 Toffoli et al [20] 0 [35], which is widely used in flux calculations in various numerical models [36,37]; here we adopt the v3.5 version of COARE proposed by Edson et al [10]. COARE divides z 0 into two parts:…”

Section: Momentum Flux Parameterization Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Sun

Song

Leng

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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The Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport model has been used to simulate Super Typhoon Yutu (2018). The impacts of four momentum transfer parameterization schemes (COARE, TY, OT, and DN) and three heat transfer parameterization schemes (COARE, GR, and ZK) on typhoon modelling have been studied by means of the track, intensity, and radial structure of typhoon. The results show that the track of Yutu is not sensitive to the choice of parameterization scheme, while the combinations of different parameterization schemes affect the intensity of Yutu. Among the four momentum flux parameterization schemes, three wave-state-based schemes (TY, OT, and DN) provide better intensity results than the wind-speed-based COARE scheme, but the differences between the three wave-state-based schemes are not obvious. Among the three heat flux parameterization schemes, the results of the GR scheme are slightly better than those of the COARE scheme, and both the GR and COARE schemes are significantly better than the ZK scheme, from which the intensity of Yutu is underpredicted obviously. The influence of the combination of different parameterization schemes on the intensity of the typhoon is also reflected in the radial structure of the typhoon, and the radial structure of the typhoon simulated by experiments with stronger typhoon intensity also develops faster. Differences of intensity between experiments are due mainly to the differences in sea surface heat flux, the enthalpy transferred from sea surface to the atmosphere has a significant impact on the bottom atmosphere wind field, and there is a strong correspondence between the distribution of enthalpy flux and the bottom wind field.

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Section: Momentum Flux Parameterization Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Sun

Song

Leng

et al. 2021

Advances in Meteorology

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“…UKESM1 simulated DMS is overpredicted in spring, underpredicted in summer and agrees well with observations in the autumn (16). The inability of the simulated Chl-a and DMS to capture the correct seasonal cycle highlights some deficiencies in the ability of the ocean biogeochemistry model, MEDUSA, to capture the complex biological productivity in the Southern Ocean (Yool et al, 2019(Yool et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Primary Marine Organic Aerosolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations

Mulcahy¹,

Johnson²,

Jones³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. We document and evaluate the aerosol schemes as implemented in the physical and Earth system models, HadGEM3-GC3.1 (GC3.1) and UKESM1, which are contributing to the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The simulation of aerosols in the present-day period of the historical ensemble of these models is evaluated against a range of observations. Updates to the aerosol microphysics scheme are documented as well as differences in the aerosol representation between the physical and Earth system configurations. The additional Earth-system interactions included in UKESM1 leads to differences in the emissions of natural aerosol sources such as dimethyl sulfide, mineral dust and organic aerosol and subsequent evolution of these species in the model. UKESM1 also includes a stratospheric-tropospheric chemistry scheme which is fully coupled to the aerosol scheme, while GC3.1 employs a simplified aerosol chemistry mechanism driven by prescribed monthly climatologies of the relevant oxidants. Overall, the simulated speciated aerosol mass concentrations compare reasonably well with observations. Both models capture the negative trend in sulfate aerosol concentrations over Europe and the eastern United States of America (US) although the models tend to underestimate the sulfate concentrations in both regions. Interactive emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds in UKESM1 lead to an improved agreement of organic aerosol over the US. Simulated dust burdens are similar in both models despite a 2-fold difference in dust emissions. Aerosol optical depth is biased low in dust source and outflow regions but performs well in other regions compared to a number of satellite and ground-based retrievals of aerosol optical depth. Simulated aerosol number concentrations are generally within a factor of 2 of the observations with both models tending to overestimate number concentrations over remote ocean regions, apart from at high latitudes, and underestimate over Northern Hemisphere continents. Finally, UKESM1 includes for the first time a representation of a primary marine organic aerosol source. The impact of this new aerosol source is evaluated. Over the pristine Southern Ocean, it is found to improve the seasonal cycle of organic aerosol mass and cloud droplet number concentrations relative to GC3.1 although underestimations in cloud droplet number concentrations remain. This paper provides a useful characterization of the aerosol climatology in both models facilitating the understanding of the numerous aerosol-climate interaction studies that will be conducted as part of CMIP6 and beyond.

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“…The effect has been found in reanalysis (Hu and Guan, 2018) as well as modelling studies (Kren et al, 2016;Kang and Tziperman, 2017;Taguchi and Hartmann, 2006). The AL is a key indicator of Pacific climate variability with teleconnections to both tropical and midlatitude climate (Tsuyoshi and Shingo, 1989;Trenberth and Hurrell, 1994;Zhang et al, 1997), and it varies significantly on decadal to multi-decadal timescales. Overland et al (1999) note that 10year mean values of sea level pressure (SLP) over the AL region exhibit fluctuations of up to 35 % of the climatological mean.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Origins of Multi-decadal Variability in Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

Dimdore-Miles¹,

Gray²,

Osprey³

2021

Preprint

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<p>Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) are major disruptions of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stratospheric polar vortex and occur on average approximately 6 times per decade in observation based records. However, within these records, intervals of significantly higher and lower SSW rates are observed suggesting the possibility of low frequency variations in event occurrence. A better understanding of factors that influence this decadal variability may help to improve predictability of NH mid-latitude surface climate, through stratosphere-troposphere coupling. In this work, multi-decadal variability of SSW events is examined in a 1000-yr pre-industrial simulation of a coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Land-Sea ice model. Using a wavelet spectral decomposition method, we show that hiatus events (intervals of a decade or more with no SSWs) and consecutive SSW events (extended intervals with at least one SSW in each year) vary on multi-decadal timescales of period between 60 and 90 years. Signals on these timescales are present for approximately 450 years of the simulation. We investigate the possible source of these long-term signals and find that the direct impact of variability in tropical sea surface temperatures, as well as the associated Aleutian Low, can account for only a small portion of the SSW variability. Instead, the major influence on long-term SSW variability is associated with long-term variability in amplitude of the stratospheric quasi biennial oscillation (QBO). The QBO influence is consistent with the well known Holton-Tan relationship, with SSW hiatus intervals associated with extended periods of particularly strong, deep QBO westerly phases. The results support recent studies that have highlighted the role of vertical coherence in the QBO when considering coupling between the QBO, the polar vortex and tropospheric circulation.</p>

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Spin‐up of UK Earth System Model 1 (UKESM1) for CMIP6

Cited by 36 publications

References 109 publications

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Impacts of Air-Sea Energy Transfer on Typhoon Modelling

Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations

Origins of Multi-decadal Variability in Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

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