Spinal Concussion in Adults: Transient Neuropraxia of Spinal Cord Exposed to Vertical Forces

Asan, Ziya

doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.198

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Studies have reported that X-ray, CT, and MRI are negative in some patients after SCI, which is called "real SCIWORA" [30,31]. Spinal cord concussion and "real SCIWORA" are difficult to distinguish on MRI, but symptoms of spinal cord concussion generally disappear within 3 days, and neurological symptoms that persist after 3 days often indicate real injury [32]. Liu et al [33] reported that the initial MRI of 2 patients was normal, and the re-examination after 72 h found abnormal manifestations, and finally, surgical intervention was carried out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of timing of surgery in the outcome of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)

Xia

Miao

et al. 2020

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background: Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) is a rare traumatic myelopathy. Although surgery is one of the most important treatments, the surgery for SCIWORA is controversial, especially the time of surgery is a topic of controversy. Here, we investigate the effects of difference in duration from injury to surgery on the outcome of SCIWORA. Methods: This retrospective study was performed in all patients with spinal cord injury admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2013 to April 2017. Fifty-seven patients who met the study requirements were divided into 3 groups according to the duration from injury to surgery. Group A (surgery within 3 days of injury) had 18 patients, group B (surgery within 3-7 days) had 18 patients, and group C (surgery later than 7 days) had 21 patients. All the groups were compared with Mann-Whitney U test; the functional improvement of spinal cord was compared and analyzed using the ASIA sports score and ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS). Results: There was a significant improvement in the long-term AIS (final follow-up) in all the 3 groups compared to before surgery. The final follow-up recovery rate of group C was worse than group A and group B. The curative effect of operation within 7 days was significantly better than the surgery done 7 days later. The recovery rate of group C was worse than group A and B. The ASIA sports score showed that recovery was quicker in the early stage and slow in the later stage. Conclusions: The optimal schedule of surgical treatment was 3-7 days after injury, which can significantly improve the short-term and long-term follow-up effects. Longer the time to surgery from the time of injury, the worse was the prognosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of timing of surgery in the outcome of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)

Xia

Miao

et al. 2020

J Orthop Surg Res

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“…Cervical cord neuropraxia, also known as transient quadriplegia, is an injury to the spinal cord, usually caused by head collisions with the neck being either hyperflexed or hyperextended. 35,36 This injury, which results in a brief disturbance of limb sensation and/or motor function, commonly lasts less than 24 hours after which the athlete usually displays complete recovery. Whereas usually viewed as a benign condition, our study raises the questions regarding the longer term effects of this type of injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Sports as a Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Blecher

Elliott

Yılmaz

et al. 2019

Global Spine Journal

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Study Design:Systematic review.Introduction:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, ultimately resulting in paralysis and death. The condition is considered to be caused by a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. Although vast genetic research has deciphered many of the molecular factors in ALS pathogenesis, the environmental factors have remained largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that participation in certain types of sporting activities are associated with increased risk for ALS.Objective:To test the hypothesis that competitive sports at the highest level that involve repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma result in an increased risk of ALS compared with the general population or nonsport controls.Methods:Electronic databases from inception to November 22, 2017 and reference lists of key articles were searched to identify studies meeting inclusion criteria.Results:Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Sports assessed (professional or nonprofessional) included soccer (n = 5), American football (n = 2), basketball (n = 1), cycling (n = 1), marathon or triathlon (n = 1), skating (n = 1), and general sports not specified (n = 11). Soccer and American football were considered sports involving repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Professional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma were associated with substantially greater effects (pooled rate ratio [RR] 8.52, 95% CI 5.18-14.0) compared with (a) nonprofessional sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.12-3.06); (b) professional sports not prone to repetitive head and neck trauma (pooled RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.67-2.71); or (c) nonprofessional sports not prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma (pooled RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.79-1.71).Conclusions:Our review suggests that increased susceptibility to ALS is significantly and independently associated with 2 factors: professional sports and sports prone to repetitive concussive head and cervical spinal trauma. Their combination resulted in an additive effect, further increasing this association to ALS.

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“…They concluded that the practice of physical activity is not a risk factor for ALS per se but also sports-related microtraumas are involved as etio-pathogenic factors in the natural history of ALS [97]. A study highlights how trauma like spinal concussion, a spinal cord injury, could have a role in the genesis of ALS: the injury is caused by head collisions and interests the neck area and usually lasts for 24 hours among athletes [98]. However, studies have shown that longer-term effects of concussion could be a possible factor of genesis of ASL.…”

Section: Muscle Damage and Neurodegeneration In Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes’ Health

et al. 2019

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The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals’ lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant–antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.

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Spinal Concussion in Adults: Transient Neuropraxia of Spinal Cord Exposed to Vertical Forces

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

The influence of timing of surgery in the outcome of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)

The influence of timing of surgery in the outcome of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)

Contact Sports as a Risk Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review

Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes’ Health

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