Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Abnormalities of the Ruminant

Hartnack, Amanda K.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.09.008

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…According to authors [8] and [11], medicament therapy should be performed in case of peroneal paralysis. Treatment of sciatic nerve dysfunction includes bandaging to prevent abrasions of the fetlock and encouragement of weight bearing [4]. We performed medicament therapy with vitamins B, anti-inflammatory drugs, and applied the protective bandage on the leg for 28 days to prevent complications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hind limb peripheral nerve abnormalities in adult cattle are most commonly associated with calving trauma most often to the sciatic (peroneal branch) and obturator nerves. In calves, femoral nerve injury may be associated with forced extraction, particularly in posterior presentation [4]. The sciatic nerve branches into the peroneal and tibial nerve dorsal to the stifle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Surgical management of peroneal nerve paralysis in calf

Kadaši¹,

Marčeková²,

Slovák³

et al. 2019

Bìol. Tvarin

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This article describes a case of peroneal nerve paralysis of left hind limb in 2 month old Holstein calf, weight 60 kg. The final diagnosis of the case was done based on clinical investigation. The severity of the paralysis was based on clinical findings as well as peroneal nerve motor and sensory function. Protective bandage and medical treatment was applied for three weeks. Due to poor prognosis after three week tendon transposition was performed. The operation was performed in general anaesthesia. Musculus vastus lateralis was dissected at the insertion and musculus extensor digitalis longus and musculus fibularis tertius were dissected at the origin. Ends of tendons were sutured by using the Bunnel suture with 4 simple interrupted sutures around. A bandage was applied to the extremity for three weeks. Postoperatively, no complications such as suture dehiscence or failure of the tendon anastomosis was seen. After the period of three weeks the bandage was removed and calf was allowed to move freely and put weight on leg correctly. Results of the case confirm that peroneal paralysis can be successfully treated by a tendon transposition technique.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical management of peroneal nerve paralysis in calf

Kadaši¹,

Marčeková²,

Slovák³

et al. 2019

Bìol. Tvarin

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“…One possible example is a spinal cord contusion. Such a lesion would most likely cause CSF changes, despite full recovery being possible. Long‐term survival in our study population appears to be better than previously reported data, in which recumbency was associated with a higher rate of culling, with more than 50% of downer cows that failed to complete one lactation .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival associated with cerebrospinal fluid analysis in downer adult dairy cows: A retrospective study (2006‐2014)

Bilodeau

Achard

Francoz

et al. 2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundThreshold values for total nucleated cell count (TNCC) and protein concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of downer dairy cows suggestive of a spinal cord lesion were recently published.ObjectivesDetermine short‐ and long‐term survival of downer cows that underwent CSF analysis using the reported threshold values. Evaluate the prognostic value of these threshold values to predict short‐ and long‐term survival.AnimalsTwo hundred and fourteen downer adult dairy cows that underwent CSF analysis during hospitalization at the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire (CHUV) of the Université de Montréal.MethodsRetrospective study. Medical records of downer adult dairy cows presented to the hospital between January 2006 and October 2014 for which CSF analysis results were available were studied. Short‐term (discharge from hospital) and long‐term (completion of lactation) survival were determined and compared in accordance with CSF TNCC and protein concentration, using a Chi‐square test.ResultsCows with CSF TNCC and/or protein concentration above the threshold values had a significantly lower short‐term survival rate (P = .02). The odds of nonsurvival of cows with one or both CSF values above the threshold values was 2.16 times higher than the odds for cows with values under the threshold values. CSF TNCC >4.5 cells/μL had sensitivity and specificity of 17.3% (95% CI: 10.7%‐25.7%) and 92.3% (95% CI: 85.4%‐96.6%), respectively, for predicting short‐term nonsurvival. CSF protein concentration >0.39 g/L had sensitivity and specificity of 20.9% (95% CI: 13.7%‐29.7%) and 91.4% (95% CI: 84.2%‐96.0%), respectively.ConclusionsCSF analysis above threshold values used in this study is associated with increased odds of short‐term nonsurvival.

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“…The lumbosacral plexus (plexus lombosacralis) originates the nerves responsible for the hind limb innervation, excluding some proximal skin regions. The plexus consists essentially of the ventral branches of the last lumbar nerves and first sacral nerves (L4-S2) (47,48) The obturator nerve (N. obturatorius) (L4-L6) crosses the ventral surface of the sacroiliac joint (Articulatio sacroiliaca), advances medially to the ilium (Os ilium) axis and passes through the obturator foramen (Canalis obturatorius) to reach the adductor muscles of the thigh (M. adductor magnus, M. adductor brevis, M. obturatorius externus, Pars intrapelvina m. obturatorii externi and M. pectineus) (47,49).…”

Section: Innervation Of Sheep Hind Limbmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gemelli and M. quadratus femoris. Before reaching the M. gastrocnemius, the nerve divides into the tibial (N. tibialis) and common peroneal nerves [N. fibularis (peron(a)eus) communis], which together ensure the innervation of all structures distal to the stifle, except for the medial region innervated by the saphenous nerve (47,(49)(50)(51).…”

Section: Innervation Of Sheep Hind Limbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a Sheep Model for Hind limb Peripheral Nerve Injury: Common Peroneal Nerve

Alvites¹,

Branquinho²,

Sousa³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Thousands of people worldwide suffer from injuries in the peripheral nerve and deal daily with the resulting physiological and functional deficits. Recent advances in this field are still insufficient to guarantee effective outcomes, and the development of new and effective therapeutic options requires the use of valid preclinical models that effectively replicate the characteristics and challenges associated with these injuries in humans. In this study, we established a sheep model for common peroneal nerve injuries that can be applied in preclinical research with the advantages associated with the use of large animal models. In an integrative way, this article includes a detailed description of the anatomy and functionality of the peripheral nerves of sheep’s hind limb, the surgical protocol for accessing the common peroneal nerve, the induction of different types of nerve damage and the application of possible therapeutic options. A neurological exam protocol directed to the common peroneal nerve was also established, allowing to identify the changes and deficits related with the nerve injury and to evaluate the functional progression over time. Finally, a preliminary stereological study was carried out to establish control values for the healthy peroneal common nerves of this model and to identify preliminary differences between therapeutic methods. The ultimate goal is to demonstrate that sheep is a valid model of peripheral nerve injury to be used in pre-clinical and translational works and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nerve injury therapeutic options before its clinical application in human and veterinary patients.

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Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerve Abnormalities of the Ruminant

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Surgical management of peroneal nerve paralysis in calf

Surgical management of peroneal nerve paralysis in calf

Survival associated with cerebrospinal fluid analysis in downer adult dairy cows: A retrospective study (2006‐2014)

Establishment of a Sheep Model for Hind limb Peripheral Nerve Injury: Common Peroneal Nerve

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