Spinal cord injury causes rapid osteoclastic resorption and growth plate abnormalities in growing rats (SCI-induced bone loss in growing rats)

Morse, Leslie R.; Teng, Yang D.; Pham, Lisa; Newton, Kimberly M.; Yu, Di; Liao, Wei-Lee; Köhler, Thomas; Müller, Ralph; Graves, D.; Stashenko, Philip; Battaglino, Ricardo A.

doi:10.1007/s00198-007-0494-x

Cited by 60 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As a result, it helps in decreasing the weight of the animals. [15][16][17] The results of this study showed that there was gradual recovery over a period of 14 days after SCI compared with baseline readings. These observations are in agreement with previous findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in functional recovery of spinal cord injured rats: an experimental study

Jadid

Robert²,

Al-Mubarak³

2009

Spinal Cord

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Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of the alpha-tocopherol on rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Research Center, Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Method: Female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-220 g were anesthetized with chloral hydrate (450 mg kg À1 body weight) by intraperitoneal injection and laminectomy was performed at the T 7-8 level leaving the dura intact. A compression plate (2.2 Â 5.0 mm) was loaded with a weight of 35 g placed on the exposed cord for 5 min to create SCI. The subjects were divided into three groups of eight rats each. Group 1 served as control (SCI þ saline); whereas groups 2 and 3 served as test groups, alpha-tocopherol was given orally in doses of 1000 mg kg À1 body weight for group 2 and 2000 mg kg À1body weight for group 3, respectively. Daily activities were recorded in the activity cage for 14 days post-operatively. Results: At day 1 (baseline, 24 h after the surgery), there was no significant difference between mean motor scores of all groups. After day 1, the three groups showed continuous improvement in motor score; such improvement was maintained throughout the duration of the study with different levels for each group. By the end of the study (day 14), groups 2 and 3 showed statistically significant improvement in the mean motor score compared with group 1 (Po0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between test groups 2 and 3 by the end of the study. Conclusion:The results suggest that the administration of alpha-tocopherol may have reparative effects for SCI because of its antioxidant effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in functional recovery of spinal cord injured rats: an experimental study

Jadid

Robert²,

Al-Mubarak³

2009

Spinal Cord

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“…30 In a contusion SCI model, likewise, there was a 48% decrease in trabecular bone mass and a 35% decrease in cortical bone mass at the distal femoral metaphysis on the 10th day after SCI in 7-week-old rats. 31 Thus, regardless of SCI model type, SCI caused bone loss and TBMS deterioration at the early stage of SCI in juvenile rats. Thus, the bones of growing rats were rapidly damaged by SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-body vibration can attenuate the deterioration of bone mass and trabecular bone microstructure in rats with spinal cord injury

et al. 2015

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Study design: Experimental, controlled study. Objective: To examine the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) on bone mass and trabecular bone microstructure (TBMS) during the early stage in juvenile rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Studied at the Kio University in Japan. Methods: Thirty-four 8-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: the SCI group, the sham-operation group (SHAM) and the SCI+WBV group. WBV started on the 8th day after SCI. After 1 or 2 weeks of WBV treatment, measurements of tissue mineral density, trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) and parameters of TBMS were obtained by scanning the proximal tibias with x-ray micro-computed tomography. Serum levels of osteocalcin (OC) and of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b) were measured with ELISA. Results: BMC, volume bone mineral density, bone volume (BV), BV fraction (BV/tissue volume) and connectivity density (Conn.D) of TBMS parameters were significantly higher in SCI+WBV rats than in SCI rats after 2-week WBV. The BMC and BV/TV of bone mass index correlated well with Conn.D, suggesting the preservation of Conn.D. induced by WBV. SCI+WBV rats showed a decrease in serum OC after 1-week WBV, but a quick recovery from that after 2-week WBV. There was no difference in serum TRACP 5b among the 3 groups throughout the experimental period. Conclusion: WBV treatment could attenuate the bone deterioration that occurs during the early stage in juvenile rats with SCI. In a clinic, this early WBV intervention may be an effective rehabilitation modality for preventing bone fragility in SCI patients. Spinal Cord (2016) 54, 597-603; doi:10.1038/sc.2015.220; published online 22 December 2015 INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis is a well-known complication of spinal cord injury (SCI).The mechanism of bone loss by SCI is complex and is constituted by multiple factors involving mechanical, neurovascular, hormonal and metabolic factors. 1,2 Bone loss following SCI begins within the first 6 months after the injury, and stabilizes between 12 and 16 months. 3 Bone loss is especially prominent in sublesional bones such as the distal femur and proximal tibia. [4][5][6][7][8] In fact, bone mass in the distal femur and proximal tibia decreased by 51% and 70%, respectively, within 1 year after the injury in SCI patients. 6 These two bones were so fragile that even a weak physical impact could cause a fracture in SCI patients. 7,8 Therefore, the frequency of fracture in SCI patients was about twice as high as that of healthy people. 9 Edwards et al. 10 showed that in the femur and tibia of acute SCI patients trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) was reduced by 3.1-4.4% per month and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) by 2.7-4.7% per month within 4 months after the injury. In addition, cortical BMC and volumetric BMD were noticeably reduced, and furthermore bone strength indices were decreased. 10 The incidence of SCI is higher in young people aged 15-24 years. 11 Children (aged 5-13 years) with

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“…29,35,37,50 In a mouse model of psoriatic arthritis, the inflammatory marker calprotectin (S100a8/S100a9) is highly expressed in the hyperplastic/acanthotic epidermis of inflamed digits that also have distal phalangeal enthesitis and deforming osteoclastic osteolysis. 54,55 Interestingly, in the early stages of a carbohydrate overload induction model of laminitis, calprotectin expression by lamellar keratinocytes is increased and consistently present at the onset of lameness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteopathology in the Equine Distal Phalanx Associated With the Development and Progression of Laminitis

et al. 2015

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Although the equine distal phalanx and hoof lamellae are biomechanically and physiologically integrated, bony changes in the distal phalanx are poorly described in laminitis. The aims of this study were (1) to establish a laminitis grading scheme that can be applied to the wide spectrum of lesions seen in naturally occurring cases and (2) to measure and describe changes in the distal phalanx associated with laminitis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Thirty-six laminitic and normal feet from 15 performance and nonperformance horses were evaluated. A laminitis grading scheme based on radiographic, gross, histopathologic, and temporal parameters was developed. Laminitis severity grades generated by this scheme correlated well with clinical severity and coincided with decreased distal phalanx bone volume and density as measured by micro-CT. Laminitic hoof wall changes included progressive ventral rotation and distal displacement of the distal phalanx with increased thickness of the stratum internumcorium tissues with lamellar wedge formation. Histologically, there was epidermal lamellar necrosis with basement membrane separation and dysplastic regeneration, including acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, corresponding to the lamellar wedge. The changes detected by micro-CT corresponded to microscopic findings in the bone, including osteoclastic osteolysis of trabecular and osteonal bone with medullary inflammation and fibrosis. Bone changes were identified in horses with mild/early stages of laminitis as well as severe/chronic stages. The authors conclude that distal phalangeal pathology is a quantifiable and significant component of laminitis pathology and may have important implications for early detection or therapeutic intervention of equine laminitis.Keywords horse, laminitis, distal phalanx, pathology, diagnostic imaging, micro-computed tomography, x-ray microtomography, osteolysis, osteopathologyThe structural integrity of the highly specialized and complex elements composing the equine foot-including the epidermal and dermal lamellae, bone, tendons, ligaments, and other connective tissues-is essential for suspension of the distal phalanx (DP) within the hoof capsule. The interface between the equine DP and inner hoof wall is unique in that the dorsal cortex of the DP is highly porous relative to the solar cortex or to the cortices of other bones in the appendicular skeleton.39 These porosities correspond to perforating vascular channels that extend from the medullary spaces of the DP to supply the overlying lamellar tissues. 30,39 Thus, the unique interface of this specialized musculoskeletal unit provides a direct microanatomic integration between bone and epidermal/dermal lamellar tissues.Laminitis is a disease affecting the epidermal and dermal lamellae of the inner hoof wall, which often progresses to a chronic phase. The chronic phase of laminitis is characterized by inadequate tissue healing and aberrant regenerative responses that result in lamellar hyperplasia and dysplasia,...

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Spinal cord injury causes rapid osteoclastic resorption and growth plate abnormalities in growing rats (SCI-induced bone loss in growing rats)

Cited by 60 publications

References 41 publications

The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in functional recovery of spinal cord injured rats: an experimental study

The efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in functional recovery of spinal cord injured rats: an experimental study

Whole-body vibration can attenuate the deterioration of bone mass and trabecular bone microstructure in rats with spinal cord injury

Osteopathology in the Equine Distal Phalanx Associated With the Development and Progression of Laminitis

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