Spinal sensory neurons project onto the hindbrain to stabilize posture and enhance locomotor speed

Wu, Mingyue; Carbó-Tano, Martin; Mirat, Olivier; Lejeune, François‐Xavier; Roussel, Julian; Quan, Feng B.; Fidelin, Kevin; Wyart, Claire

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.05.042

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…To test whether these inputs were monosynaptic in nature, we selected one square in the 4 3 4 grid and illuminated it with a 20-Hz train of five 20-ms pulses. 35 pMNs received reliable V1 input during this high-frequency stimulation at segments 0 and 1, but not segment 5 (Figure S4A). For all cells (5/5), IPSCs were evoked at a consistent latency with low jitter (Figure S4B).…”

Section: V1 Neurons Inhibit Motor Neurons Locallymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Recent studies have pointed to an important role of CSF-cNs, another inhibitory, ipsilateral, and ascending spinal population (CSF-cNs), in regulating power of locomotion in response to spinal curvature. 9,35,62,63 In the future, it will be extremely relevant to study how these ascending sensory pathways are integrated for effective motor control.…”

Section: V1 Affects Sensory Neurons Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally

Sengupta¹,

Daliparthi²,

Roussel³

et al. 2021

Current Biology

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Section: V1 Neurons Inhibit Motor Neurons Locallymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: V1 Affects Sensory Neurons Broadlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally

Sengupta¹,

Daliparthi²,

Roussel³

et al. 2021

Current Biology

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“…In zebrafish larvae, CSF-cNs send an ipsilateral ascending axon from two to six segments that synapse onto premotor interneurons involved in slow locomotion, onto primary motor neurons that innervate the entire ventral musculature, and interneurons involved in sensory-motor gating ( Figure 2C ). Moreover, the rostral most CSF-cNs contact large reticulospinal neurons of the hindbrain, that in turn send descending motor commands to the spinal cord ( Figure 2C ) ( Wu et al, 2021 ), suggesting that the contractile activity of these structures promotes proper axial morphogenesis ( Zhang et al, 2018 ). Additionally, adult pkd2l1 zebrafish mutant develop a moderate spine curvature but did not resemble the motile cilia mutant phenotype.…”

Section: Emerging Roles Of Genetic Factors Related To Scoliosis Devel...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning the Curve Into Straight: Phenogenetics of the Spine Morphology and Coordinate Maintenance in the Zebrafish

Muñoz-Montecinos

Romero

Sepúlveda

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The vertebral column, or spine, provides mechanical support and determines body axis posture and motion. The most common malformation altering spine morphology and function is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), a three-dimensional spinal deformity that affects approximately 4% of the population worldwide. Due to AIS genetic heterogenicity and the lack of suitable animal models for its study, the etiology of this condition remains unclear, thus limiting treatment options. We here review current advances in zebrafish phenogenetics concerning AIS-like models and highlight the recently discovered biological processes leading to spine malformations. First, we focus on gene functions and phenotypes controlling critical aspects of postembryonic aspects that prime in spine architecture development and straightening. Second, we summarize how primary cilia assembly and biomechanical stimulus transduction, cerebrospinal fluid components and flow driven by motile cilia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AIS-like phenotypes. Third, we highlight the inflammatory responses associated with scoliosis. We finally discuss recent innovations and methodologies for morphometrically characterize and analyze the zebrafish spine. Ongoing phenotyping projects are expected to identify novel and unprecedented postembryonic gene functions controlling spine morphology and mutant models of AIS. Importantly, imaging and gene editing technologies are allowing deep phenotyping studies in the zebrafish, opening new experimental paradigms in the morphometric and three-dimensional assessment of spinal malformations. In the future, fully elucidating the phenogenetic underpinnings of AIS etiology in zebrafish and humans will undoubtedly lead to innovative pharmacological treatments against spinal deformities.

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“…In addition, light stimulation of cerebrospinal fluid–contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) in zebrafish showed that GABAergic sensory neurons in the spinal cord provide strong inhibitory feedback to the escape circuit during active movement to maintain balance (Hubbard et al, 2016 ). A recent analysis that used functional anatomy and optogenetics-assisted mapping showed that CSF-cNs can generate synapses on the axons of reticulospinal neurons including Mauthner cells and V2a neurons, and relay their information to the higher-level centers of the hindbrain to stabilize posture and increase movement speed (Wu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Optogenetics Neuromodulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Sensorimotor Function Through Neuromodulation After Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Remaining Challenges

et al. 2021

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major disability that results in motor and sensory impairment and extensive complications for the affected individuals which not only affect the quality of life of the patients but also result in a heavy burden for their families and the health care system. Although there are few clinically effective treatments for SCI, research over the past few decades has resulted in several novel treatment strategies which are related to neuromodulation. Neuromodulation—the use of neuromodulators, electrical stimulation or optogenetics to modulate neuronal activity—can substantially promote the recovery of sensorimotor function after SCI. Recent studies have shown that neuromodulation, in combination with other technologies, can allow paralyzed patients to carry out intentional, controlled movement, and promote sensory recovery. Although such treatments hold promise for completely overcoming SCI, the mechanisms by which neuromodulation has this effect have been difficult to determine. Here we review recent progress relative to electrical neuromodulation and optogenetics neuromodulation. We also examine potential mechanisms by which these methods may restore sensorimotor function. We then highlight the strengths of these approaches and remaining challenges with respect to its application.

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Spinal sensory neurons project onto the hindbrain to stabilize posture and enhance locomotor speed

Cited by 32 publications

References 114 publications

Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally

Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally

Turning the Curve Into Straight: Phenogenetics of the Spine Morphology and Coordinate Maintenance in the Zebrafish

Restoring Sensorimotor Function Through Neuromodulation After Spinal Cord Injury: Progress and Remaining Challenges

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