Spindle motility skews division site determination during asymmetric cell division in Physcomitrella

Kozgunova, Elena; Yoshida, Mari; Reski, Ralf; Goshima, Gohta

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30239-1

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…4). It has previously been shown that the positioning of cell division planes in emerging gametophores is dependent on microtubules (Kosetsu et al, 2017; Kozgunova et al, 2022). Thus, it is likely that the cell division orientation defects observed in the nog1dis mutant are due to aberrant organisation of the microtubule cytoskeleton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prion-like protein regulates the 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional growth transition in the mossPhyscomitrium patens

Weeks,

Chaturvedi,

Day

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The colonization of the land by plants coincided with the evolution of 3-dimensional (3D) growth; the acquisition of apical cells with the capacity to rotate the plane of cell division. The moss Physcomitrium patens has recently been developed as a model to dissect the genetic basis of 3D growth, an invariable and unifying feature of all land plants. The cytokinin-unresponsive Ppnog1-R mutant incorrectly orients division planes in developing buds and thus fails to make the transition to 3D growth. To reveal the genetic interactors of the PpNOG1 gene, which encodes a protein with a C-terminal UBA domain, we performed a screen and identified the suppressor of nog1a (snog1a) mutant. We have mapped the causative mutation to a gene that encodes a prion-like protein related to FLOE2/3 and demonstrated that the mutant phenotypes observed in both a nog1 disruptant mutant (nog1dis) and snog1a can be attributed to changes in cytokinin perception. We present a revised model for 3D growth and suggest that the 2D-to-3D growth transition is regulated, at least in part, by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prion-like protein regulates the 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional growth transition in the mossPhyscomitrium patens

Weeks,

Chaturvedi,

Day

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Within the cell wall biogenesis class are genes encoding cellulose synthase genes, notably PpCESA5 , mutations in which cause major defects in 3D growth (Goss et al., 2012 ). Many genes linked to the cell cycle and setting of cell division sites are also uniquely downregulated in PpTPL2 N176H [+] (Table S3 ), including genes belonging to the PpTPX2 family that are required for the orientation of the cell division plane early in 3D development (Kozgunova et al., 2022 ). Changes in the expression of specific genes, or general misregulation of the cell cycle, may conceivably disrupt the reprogramming of new cell identities (Ishikawa et al., 2011 ), contributing to the defects in both the transition to 3D growth and the formation of caulonemata in PpTPL2 N176H [+] plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The TOPLESS corepressor regulates developmental switches in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens that were critical for plant terrestrialisation

et al. 2023

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SUMMARYThe plant‐specific TOPLESS (TPL) family of transcriptional corepressors is integral to multiple angiosperm developmental processes. Despite this, we know little about TPL function in other plants. To address this gap, we investigated the roles TPL plays in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens, which diverged from angiosperms approximately 0.5 billion years ago. Although complete loss of PpTPL function is lethal, transgenic lines with reduced PpTPL activity revealed that PpTPLs are essential for two fundamental developmental switches in this plant: the transitions from basal photosynthetic filaments (chloronemata) to specialised foraging filaments (caulonemata) and from two‐dimensional (2D) to three‐dimensional (3D) growth. Using a transcriptomics approach, we integrated PpTPL into the regulatory network governing 3D growth and we propose that PpTPLs represent another important class of regulators that are essential for the 2D‐to‐3D developmental switch. Transcriptomics also revealed a previously unknown role for PpTPL in the regulation of flavonoids. Intriguingly, 3D growth and the formation of caulonemata were crucial innovations that facilitated the colonisation of land by plants, a major transformative event in the history of life on Earth. We conclude that TPL, which existed before the land plants, was co‐opted into new developmental pathways, enabling phytoterrestrialisation and the evolution of land plants.

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“…However, little is known about the spatial control of acentrosomal MTOCs in plants. The apical cap of the moss protonema represents a form of MTOC that requires g-tubulin and TPX2 for formation and functions in early phase of mitosis as the major source of spindle microtubules (Kozgunova et al, 2022;Nakaoka et al, 2012). The current study demonstrates that SUN2 is required for the association between MTOCs and NE.…”

Section: Physcomitrella Sun2 Couples Ne With Microtubulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physcomitrella SUN2 mediates MTOC association to the nuclear envelope and facilitates chromosome alignment during spindle assembly

Yoshida

Oguri

Goshima

2023

Preprint

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Plant cells lack centrosomes and instead utilise acentrosomal microtubule organising centres (MTOCs) to rapidly increase the number of microtubules at the onset of spindle assembly. Although several proteins required for MTOC formation have been identified, how the MTOC is positioned at the right place is not known. Here, we show that the inner nuclear membrane protein SUN2 is required for MTOC association with the nuclear envelope (NE) during mitotic prophase in the moss Physcomitrium patens. In actively dividing protonemal cells, microtubules accumulate around the NE during prophase. In particular, regional MTOC is formed at the apical surface of the nucleus. However, microtubule accumulation around the NE was impaired and apical MTOCs were mislocalised in sun2 knockout (KO) cells. In addition, chromosome distribution in the nucleus was skewed, suggesting that SUN2 mediates the linking of microtubules with chromosomes. Upon nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD), the mitotic spindle was assembled with mislocalised MTOC, which were a source of microtubules in sun2 KO plants. However, completion of chromosome alignment in the spindle was delayed; in severe cases, the chromosome was transiently detached from the spindle body. SUN2 tended to localise to the apical surface of the nucleus during prophase in a microtubule-dependent manner. Based on these results, we propose that SUN2 facilitates the attachment of microtubules to chromosomes during spindle assembly by linking them prior to NEBD. Furthermore, this study suggests that trans-NE microtubule-chromosome linking, a well-known function of SUN in animals and yeast, is conserved in plants.

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Spindle motility skews division site determination during asymmetric cell division in Physcomitrella

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

A prion-like protein regulates the 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional growth transition in the mossPhyscomitrium patens

A prion-like protein regulates the 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional growth transition in the mossPhyscomitrium patens

The TOPLESS corepressor regulates developmental switches in the bryophyte Physcomitrium patens that were critical for plant terrestrialisation

Physcomitrella SUN2 mediates MTOC association to the nuclear envelope and facilitates chromosome alignment during spindle assembly

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