Spindle positioning in fibroblasts supports an astral microtubule length dependent force generation at the basal membrane

Schultz, Niklas; Önfelt, Agneta

doi:10.1002/cm.1042

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Hemicentins were first identified in C. elegans , which contain a single representative called HIM-4 (Hodgkin et al, 1979). Subsequently, two vertebrate paralogues, Hemicentin-1 and Hemicentin-2, were identified (Schultz & Onfelt, 2001; Vogel et al, 2006). HIM-4 is secreted by skeletal muscles and gonad leader cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extracellular matrix protein promotes anillin-dependent processes in theCaenorhabditis elegansgermline

et al. 2019

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Cell division requires constriction of an actomyosin ring to segregate the genetic material equally into two daughter cells. The spatial and temporal regulation of the contractile ring at the division plane primarily depends on intracellular signals mediated by the centralspindlin complex and astral microtubules. Although much investigative work has elucidated intracellular factors and mechanisms controlling this process, the extracellular regulation of cytokinesis remains unclear. Thus far, the extracellular matrix protein Hemicentin (HIM-4) has been proposed to be required for cleavage furrow stabilization. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, has remained largely unknown. Here, we show that HIM-4 and anillin (ANI-1) genetically act in the same pathway to maintain the rachis bridge stability in the germline. Our FRAP experiments further reveal that HIM-4 restricts the motility of ANI-1. In addition, we demonstrate that HIM-4 is recruited to the cleavage site in dividing germ cells and promotes the proper ingression of the cleavage membrane. Collectively, we propose that HIM-4 is an extracellular factor that regulates ANI-1 for germ cell membrane stabilization and contractile ring formation in Caenorhabditis elegans germline cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An extracellular matrix protein promotes anillin-dependent processes in theCaenorhabditis elegansgermline

et al. 2019

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“…Observation of astral microtubules and spindle pole body movements have suggested that astral microtubules pull one spindle pole into the bud during budding yeast mitosis (Adames and Cooper 2000 ; Yeh et al 2000 ). In fibroblasts, astral microtubules transiently anchored at the bottom of the cell exert pulling forces to position the spindle (Schultz and Onfelt 2001 ). These mechanisms of pulling the organelles via cortically anchored molecular motors that move along astral microtubules can be described as “pulling” from the organelle viewpoint, and as “sliding” from the cortex perspective.…”

Section: Classification Of Microtubule-based Positioning Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Push-me-pull-you: how microtubules organize the cell interior

Tolić

2008

Eur Biophys J

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Dynamic organization of the cell interior, which is crucial for cell function, largely depends on the microtubule cytoskeleton. Microtubules move and position organelles by pushing, pulling, or sliding. Pushing forces can be generated by microtubule polymerization, whereas pulling typically involves microtubule depolymerization or molecular motors, or both. Sliding between a microtubule and another microtubule, an organelle, or the cell cortex is also powered by molecular motors. Although numerous examples of microtubule-based pushing and pulling in living cells have been observed, it is not clear why diVerent cell types and processes employ diVerent mechanisms. This review introduces a classiWcation of microtubule-based positioning strategies and discusses the eYcacy of pushing and pulling. The positioning mechanisms based on microtubule pushing are eYcient for movements over small distances, and for centering of organelles in symmetric geometries. Mechanisms based on pulling, on the other hand, are typically more elaborate, but are necessary when the distances to be covered by the organelles are large, and when the geometry is asymmetric and complex. Thus, taking into account cell geometry and the length scale of the movements helps to identify general principles of the intracellular layout based on microtubule forces.

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“…In addition to this programmed genetic control of its positioning, the spindle is a dynamic structure that can reposition or realign within cells experiencing a variety of mutational or external perturbations [12]. Even in the highly orchestrated yeast cell cycle, old and new poles [13] as well as Kar9p can 'switch' from their predetermined fate if spindle positioning cues are abrogated [10].…”

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confidence: 99%