Spinosad resistance selected in the laboratory strain of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae): studies on risk assessment and cross-resistance patterns

Feeding behaviour and mortality of Philaenus spumarius exposed to insecticides and their impact on Xylella fastidiosa transmission

“…Banazeer et al . 34 observed a high level of resistance development to spinosad in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), whereas other authors have described a resistance to spinosad in insect species of different orders. 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 The meadow spittlebug has only one generation per year and was not considered a pest in Europe until the outbreak of X. fastidiosa in 2013.…”

“…(spittlebugs exposure to treated olives under field conditions) and our tests (exposure to treated herbaceous plants under lab conditions) or to the building up of resistance by P. spumarius populations to spinosad. Banazeer et al 34 . observed a high level of resistance development to spinosad in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), whereas other authors have described a resistance to spinosad in insect species of different orders 35–38 .…”

“…Regarding spinosad, our results are not consistent with the efficacy (at high application volumes) of this pesticide against the spittlebug reported by Dongiovanni et al 15 The differences observed between the two studies could be related to differences in the experimental design between Dongiovanni et al 15 (spittlebugs exposure to treated olives under field conditions) and our tests (exposure to treated herbaceous plants under lab conditions) or to the building up of resistance by P. spumarius populations to spinosad. Banazeer et al 34 observed a high level of resistance development to spinosad in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), whereas other authors have described a resistance to spinosad in insect species of different orders. [35][36][37][38] The meadow spittlebug has only one generation per year and was not considered a pest in Europe until the outbreak of X. fastidiosa in 2013.…”

Risk assessment of resistance to diflubenzuron in Musca domestica: Realized heritability and cross-resistance to fourteen insecticides from different classes

“…Assessment of insecticide resistance risk is an important step toward establishing rational and scientific resistance management strategies [3,24]. Estimation of the development of resistance (through G = 1/h 2 S) provides valuable insights into the risk of increased insecticide resistance in insect pests and for developing strategies to delay the problem [25,27,47,48]. The risk of development of resistance to fipronil, pyriproxyfen, spiromesifen, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, methoxyfenozide, clothianidin, and flonicamid have been reported previously in insecticide-induced resistant M. domestica [3,23,27,28,[41][42][43].…”

Dispersal behaviour, ecology and control of Philaenus spumarius : the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

“…The differences observed between the two studies could be related to the differences in the experimental design between Dongiovanni et al (2018) (spittlebugs exposure to treated olives under field conditions) and the tests (exposure to treated herbaceous plants under lab conditions) or the building up of resistance by P. spumarius populations to spinosad. Banazeer et al (2019) observed a high level of resistance development to spinosad in Phenacoccus solenopsis (Tinsley) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), whereas other authors described resistance to spinosad in insect species of different orders (Bielza et al 2007;Perry et al 2007;Sayyed et al 2008;Shi et al 2011). The meadow spittlebug has only one generation per year and was not considered a pest in Europe until the outbreak of Xf in 2013.…”