Spintronic Population Modulation via a Small Polaron Antiphase Filter

Abstract

Spintronics in spintronic injection system-based energy harvesting devices demonstrate promising spin mobility and energy conversion efficiency. However, low spintronic population is a major challenge related to device performance, efficiency modulation, and the interface of heterostructures. For an effectively increasing spintronic population, a small polaron surface state acts as a spintronic filter, which converts the excited electrons of photosensitizers into spintronics. A high-performance spintronic injection system is also achieved in RuPc-coated ZrO2 nanoparticle water splitting cells. The charge mobility under the spin-down injection condition is as high as 4.17 × 1014 m2/(V·s). Furthermore, compared with the required input power, only 61.79% of the theoretical power is required in our cases for water splitting and hydrogen evolution. The total energy conversion of our devices becomes as high as 194.98%. In this research, the small polaron surface state is provided to solve issues related to low functional power, high working temperatures, and the effect of the magnetic field from the spin Hall effect in spintronic injection systems and devices.

Spintronic filter via p-typed polaron state in photoelectron conversion integrating devices

“…41 For decades, the polaron theory has been applied not only to study charge transfer but also to explore hydrogen evolution reactions from the surface of materials. 10,19,42 When an excited electron from the internal lattice of a semiconductor is introduced into an ionic lattice of CuO lattice crystal and driven to the material surface with polaron, p-typed polaron accepts the excited electrons and converts them to hydrogens ions for reduction and hydrogen gases evolution; the p-type polaron responds to the hydrogen ions and transfers charge by local polaron surface state as shown in Fig. 5.…”

“…33,34 As previously mentioned, the polaron surface state is a kind of defect that commonly occurs on the surface of metal-oxide-semiconductor materials. The polaron surface state demonstrates promising properties in spin-orbital coupling for spintronic excitation 10,19,35 via angular momentum-controlled light irradiation, inuencing the effects and role of Cu defects in quantum level and energy conversion for high-performance water-splitting devices in well-integrated electronic devices.…”

“…Coating with metal-phthalocyanine as a photosensitizer for ZrO 2 increases the population of excited electrons, and thus, the small polaron surface states in ZrO 2 flip the excited electrons into single-spin spintronics, achieving a polarization rate of nearly 40%. 19 Research on the application of small polarons in energy conversion and spintronic injection systems has indicated small polarons to have a promising ability to enhance the performance of water-splitting and hydrogen evolution.…”

Polaron Nanomaterial Water Splitting via Natural Sensitizer Enhancement

“…Cu 2 O (band gap is only 2.38 eV) has the advantage since the required light source is around 500 nm, which is abundant in the visible light region. From the research of metal oxide semiconductor materials in photoelectrochemical water-splitting reactions, original defects, such as oxygen atoms and ion vacancy-induced polaron surface states, play a critical role in charge transfer and hydrogen-evolution modulation. ,− In matter physics, the interactions between electrons, atoms, and polarons are well-defined by the basic model of metal ions and oxygen vacancies induced by an interactive redox reaction as a quasiparticle. − The affinity among hydrogen ions, oxygen vacancies, and metal ions induced various bonding abilities and further modulated the performance of the hydrogen-reduction reactions for hydrogen gas evolution in water splitting photoelectrochemical processing. From the simulation results of H 2 O on Cu 2 O for photocatalyst and photoelectrochemical reactions, the Cu 2 O nanoparticle with high oxygen vacancies has the highest photocatalytic activity .…”