Spintronics in Two-Dimensional Materials

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS • The recent progress of spin injection, spin transport, spin manipulation, and application in 2D materials was summarized. • The current challenges and outlook of future studies in spintronics based on 2D materials and related heterostructures were discussed. ABSTRACT Spintronics, exploiting the spin degree of electrons as the information vector, is an attractive field for implementing the beyond Complemetary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been drawing tremendous attention in spintronics owing to their distinctive spin-dependent properties, such as the ultra-long spin relaxation time of graphene and the spin-valley locking of transition metal dichalcogenides. Moreover, the related heterostructures provide an unprecedented probability of combining the different characteristics via proximity effect, which could remedy the limitation of individual 2D materials. Hence, the proximity engineering has been growing extremely fast and has made significant achievements in the spin injection and manipulation. Nevertheless, there are still challenges toward practical application; for example, the mechanism of spin relaxation in 2D materials is unclear, and the high-efficiency spin gating is not yet achieved. In this review, we focus on 2D materials and related heterostructures to systematically summarize the progress of the spin injection, transport, manipulation, and application for information storage and processing. We also highlight the current challenges and future perspectives on the studies of spintronic devices based on 2D materials.

Emerging oxidized and defective phases in low-dimensional CrCl3

“…Spintronics is an interdisciplinary field that merges materials science, condensed matter physics, and electronic engineering, aiming to simultaneously control both spin and charge degrees of freedom in nano-electronics. [1][2][3] In the last two decades, it has dictated the road-map toward the fabrication of semiconducting magnetic materials with reduced dimensionality. 1,2 Con-sequently, the efforts in the synthesis of new materials have moved from bulk 4,5 toward two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially after the recent breakthrough discoveries of 2D magnetic systems.…”

“…[1][2][3] In the last two decades, it has dictated the road-map toward the fabrication of semiconducting magnetic materials with reduced dimensionality. 1,2 Con-sequently, the efforts in the synthesis of new materials have moved from bulk 4,5 toward two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially after the recent breakthrough discoveries of 2D magnetic systems. 6,7 Among layered materials exhibiting magnetism in the bulk form and down to the monolayer limit, the class of chromium trihalides plays a central role.…”

Quantum tunneling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures and devices

“…building blocks for magnetic sensing and data storage techniques [199]. Thus, the study of TMR devices based on vdW heterostructures is of great interest.…”

Ferromagnetic Silicene Superlattice Based Thermoelectric Flexible Renewable Energy Generator Device

“…Non-volatility, ultra-low heat dissipation and faster speed make spintronic devices a perfect candidate for electronics' future. In addition, because of their remarkable spin-dependent properties, such as spin diffusion length, Rashba SOC, ultra-long spin relaxation time, quantum spin Hall effect and spin-valley locking, 2D materials such as black phosphorus (BP), graphene, silicene [43] and TMDCs have provided an excellent forum for spintronic study.…”