Spiracles of Adult Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) and Their Phylogenetic Significance. I. the Abdominal Spiracles1

Ritcher, Paul O.

doi:10.1093/aesa/62.4.869

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Crowson (1954) suggested that speculation on the systematic placement of Taurocerastes and Frickius should be delayed until the larvae were known, inferring that adult characters were not sufficient. Nevertheless the systematic position of these genera has been discussed by taxonomists, with allocation to either Geotrupinae (Geotrupini sensu Howden, 1982) at tribe level (Ritcher, 1968, 1969; Howden, 1982) or with Taurocerastinae at subfamily level (e.g. Zunino, 1984a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae

Verdú

Galante

Lumaret

et al. 2004

Systematic Entomology

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Abstract. Thirty‐eight characters derived from the larvae of Geotrupidae (Scarabaeoidea, Coleoptera) were analysed using parsimony and Bayesian inference. Trees were rooted with two Trogidae species and one species of Pleocomidae as outgroups. The monophyly of Geotrupidae (including Bolboceratinae) is supported by four autapomorphies: abdominal segments 3–7 with two dorsal annulets, chaetoparia and acanthoparia of the epipharynx not prominent, glossa and hypopharynx fused and without sclerome, trochanter and femur without fossorial setae. Bolboceratinae showed notable differences with Pleocomidae, being more related to Geotrupinae than to other groups. Odonteus species (Bolboceratinae s.str.) appear to constitute the closest sister group to Geotrupinae. Polyphyly of Bolboceratinae is implied by the following apomorphic characters observed in the ‘Odonteus lineage’: anterior and posterior epitormae of epipharynx developed, tormae of epipharynx fused, oncyli of hypopharynx developed, tarsal claws reduced or absent, plectrum and pars stridens of legs well developed and apex of antennal segment 2 with a unique sensorium. A ‘Bolbelasmus lineage’ is supported by the autapomorphic presence of various sensoria on the apex of the antennal segment, and the subtriangular labrum (except Eucanthus). This group constituted by Bolbelasmus, Bolbocerosoma and Eucanthus is the first evidence for a close relationship among genera, but more characters should be analysed to test the support for the clade. A preliminary classification at tribe level of Geotrupinae is suggested as follows: Chromogeotrupini (type genus Chromogeotrupes), Lethrini (type genus Lethrus), Taurocerastini (type genus Taurocerastes) and Geotrupini (type genus Geotrupes). Some ecological facts of Geotrupidae evolution could also be explained by the present results, such as those related to diet and nesting behaviour. Both coprophagy and male–female co‐operation in nesting appear as derived traits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae

Verdú

Galante

Lumaret

et al. 2004

Systematic Entomology

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“…1). The shape and position of the spiracles within the Scarabaeoidea are so variable that they have little utility as a taxonomic character (Richter, 1969); nevertheless, the Scarabaeidae have them positioned under the elytra. Because these spiracles represent a significant surface area for gaseous exchange, we would expect them to be involved in respiration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the subelytral spiracles in respiration in the flightless dung beetle Circellium bacchus

Byrne

Duncan

2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The role of the subelytral cavity in flightless beetle species as an adaptation to water saving in arid habitats is still in dispute. We found that relatively little CO2 was released from the subelytral cavity of a large apterous beetle Circellium bacchus during simultaneous measurements of CO2 emission from the anterior mesothoracic spiracles and posterior body, which included the subelytral spiracles. However, when we sampled air directly from inside the subelytral cavity, we discovered that this pattern was reversed. A discontinuous gas exchange cycle(DGC) was recorded from the posterior body half, revealing a flutter phase that had been absent from the anterior mesothoracic DGC. The anterior mesothoracic and posterior subelytral spiracles act in synchrony to maintain high CO2 and water vapour levels inside the subelytral cavity. In addition, the O2 concentration of the air within the subelytral cavity is lower than the air around the elytral case, irrespective of the time of sampling. These findings lead us to conclude that the subelytral spiracles work in a coordinated fashion with the anterior spiracles to create a DGC,which allows us to extend the hypothesis of the function of the subelytral cavity as a respiratory water-saving device.

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“…The spiracular opening of the first pair of spiracles is not constricted and the atrium is shallow or absent. The filter apparatus consists of numerous slender spinules surrounding the subatrial opening (Ritcher, 1969a). Gluresk has one of the most primitive spiracle systems in the Scarabaeoidea with eight functional pairs (the ancestral type) and a simple filter apparatus.…”

Section: Abdomenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glaresidae, a new family of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) to accommodate the genus Glaresis Erichson

Scholtz

D'Hotman

Nel

1987

Systematic Entomology

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Abstract. The genus Glaresis does not share any demonstrable apomorphs with any other group of Scarabaeoidea. Detailed examination of twelve adult characters and their comparison with those in all the primitive Scarabaeoidea resulted in a well‐defined genus that is primitive in virtually all its characters. It is concluded that Glaresis lies near the base of the ancestral stock from which most scarabaeoids evolved. Since the genus cannot be accommodated in an existing higher taxon we propose that the monotypic tribe Glaresini Semenov & Medvedev (the genus Afroglaresis Petrovitz is here synonymized with Glaresis), be accorded family status.

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Spiracles of Adult Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) and Their Phylogenetic Significance. I. the Abdominal Spiracles1

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae

Phylogenetic analysis of Geotrupidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea) based on larvae

The role of the subelytral spiracles in respiration in the flightless dung beetle Circellium bacchus

Glaresidae, a new family of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) to accommodate the genus Glaresis Erichson

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