“… Cai, et al, 2019 ; Y. Xu, et al, 2019 ), combination optimization problems (F. Zhao, Di, Cao, & Tang, 2021 ), optimization of machine learning model ( ling Chen, et al, 2014 ), robust optimization ( He et al, 2020 , He et al, 2019 , He et al, 2018 ), multi-objective problem ( Deng et al, 2022 , Hua et al, 2021 ), and global optimization (C. Chen, et al, 2020 ; G. Wang, et al, 2021 ). Among them, Askarzadeh ( Askarzadeh, 2016 ) proposed Crow Search Algorithm (CSA) based on crows hiding and retrieving food, which showed better results in some constrained engineering problems.…”