Spiritual and Moral Aspects of the Human Problem in the National Consciousness of the Kazakh People

Abstract

The problem of the spiritual and moral components of personality holds key significance in the genesis, evolution, and development of the national consciousness of the Kazakh people. In the contemporary era of globalization, moral imperatives grounded in the values of traditional culture ensure stability in identification amidst interactions with other nations. Within the Turkic Kazakh philosophical, ethnological, and anthropological traditions, personality was conceived in harmonious interaction with natural rhythms, as an element of the cosmic universe. The objectives of this research are to identify the patterns of evolution of notions about personality in traditional and contemporary Turkic-Kazakh philosophy and culture, as well as to determine methods for preserving, developing, and safeguarding spiritual and moral values within Kazakh national consciousness. The methodological foundation for studying the processes of genesis and evolution of the concept of personality is the social constructivism of Gellner and Smith. The interpretation of the ideological content of epic literature and philosophical works is conducted based on hermeneutic methods. This article explores the processes of forming the concept of personality in Kazakh national consciousness within the spiritual and moral dimensions. The main stages of evolution identified include the periods of proto-states, the presence of the Kazakh ethnicity within the Russian Empire – the Soviet Union, and independent development. The establishment of contemporary multiethnic Kazakhstan requires the protection of the foundations of national consciousness from negative external influences. The homogenizing and standardizing influence of global mass media threatens the traditional worldview of Kazakhs, raised in harmony with the surrounding world. The stability of Kazakh national consciousness is based on the concept of personality, wherein traditional values and modern perceptions of the surrounding world, society, and state are harmoniously combined. The obtained results can be utilized in formulating programs for the operation of governmental bodies, political parties, and social associations, in academic and teaching activities, and in facilitating publications in mass media.