Spirituality and Religion as Cultural Influences in Andragogy

Abstract

Spirituality and religion are important considerations for the adult learner, because with adulthood comes an increased identification with spirituality. In this chapter, the authors outline key theories and concepts related to spirituality and religion in adult learning, or andragogy. Transformative learning, reflective learning, and whole-person or experiential learning are described within the context of their relatedness to spirituality/religion in andragogy. A separate section on lifelong learning, an extension of adult learning, and multiculturalism, a social realty, are explored. Moving from the theoretical to the practical application of spirituality/religion in andragogy, several examples and worldviews of spirituality/religion outside of the Western, Judeo-Christian perspective are included, as well. Practical considerations are given for learners, instructors, and researchers on secular approaches to cultivating traits and qualities that correspond to an individual's spiritual dimension, feeling of connectedness, and overall wellbeing.

Religion and Religiosity: A Path to War or Peace

“…Religion and spirituality are terms that can be used interchangeably as they can both enhance learning in general and transformative learning (Duthely, Nunn, & Avella, 2019). Religiosity is a term used to denote the fanaticism implemented by oppressors to render a desired change serving their own interests (Purwono, French, Eisenberg, & Christ, 2018).…”