Spirituality and the Seamstress: Birds in Ipiutak and Western Thule Lifeways at Deering, Alaska

Sloan, Anna C.

doi:10.3368/aa.51.2.35

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is postulated that organic inhibitors donate their bonding and non-bonding electrons to the d-orbital of the surface Fe atoms during metal-inhibitor interactions. [47][48][49] However, metals are already electron rich species, and this type of electron donation causes inter- electronic repulsion, which further causes the transfer of an electron from metal to an anti-bonding molecular orbital of the inhibitor molecule. This type of electron transfer is known as retro-donation.…”

Section: Corrosion Inhibition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyridine-based functionalized graphene oxides as a new class of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: an experimental and DFT approach

et al. 2017

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Section: Corrosion Inhibition Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyridine-based functionalized graphene oxides as a new class of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: an experimental and DFT approach

et al. 2017

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“…Indigenous people saw their well-being, prosperity, and perpetuation of the world order as dependent upon maintaining good relations and communicating with the entities inhabiting the upper and the lower worlds. Communicating with the upper world was achieved, in many cases, by transforming into birds by wearing bird feathers or talons, or by performing bird dances while imitating birds movements and sounds (Bloch 2019;Hill 2019;Koons 2019;Kristensen and Holly 2013;Overton and Hamilakis 2013;Sloan 2014;Watson 2020). It is also possible that ASCs were intended, in some respect, to achieve connectedness with the upper world by means of out-of-body experiences and flying, two well-known characteristics of this neurological state.…”

Section: Discussion and Conclusion: Hypoxia In Decorated Cavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypoxia in Paleolithic decorated caves: the use of artificial light in deep caves reduces oxygen concentration and induces altered states of consciousness

Kedar

Kedar²,

Barkai

2021

Time and Mind

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In this paper, we present a novel hypothesis as to what led humans in the Upper Paleolithic to penetrate and decorate deep, dark caves. Many of the depictions in these caves are located in halls or narrow passages deep in the interior, navigable only with artificial light. We simulated the effect of torches on oxygen concentrations in structures similar to Paleolithic decorated caves and showed that the oxygen quickly decreased to levels known to induce a state of hypoxia. Hypoxia increases the release of dopamine in the brain, resulting in hallucinations and out-of-body experiences. We discuss the significance of caves in indigenous world views and contend that entering these deep, dark environments was a conscious choice, motivated by an understanding of the transformative nature of an underground, oxygen-depleted space. The cave environment was conceived as both a liminal space and an ontological arena, allowing early humans to maintain their connectedness with the cosmos. It was not the decoration that rendered the caves significant; rather, the significance of the chosen caves was the reason for their decoration.

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“…Mason (1998, 2006, 2009, 2014) has extensively discussed Ipiutak and Tigara burial practices with a focus on grave goods. These studies highlight Burials 51, 61a, 64, and 77 due to the presence of conical, jet-inlaid ivory eyes and prophylactic facemasks that are often attributed to shamanic practices (Auger 2005; Eliade 2004; Fitzhugh and Kaplan 1982; Hilton et al 2014; Larsen and Rainey 1948; Morrow and Volkman 1975; Sloan 2014; Sutherland 2001). 1 In addition, this work also highlights the lavish nature of Ipiutak burial on a comparative scale, including contrasts between surface (burial depth < 50 cm) and underground (burial depth > 50 cm) burials, arguing that the more frequent inclusion of ritual items in surface burials suggests differentiation in prestige (Mason 1998).…”

Section: Mortuary Ritual At Point Hopementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeological Evidence for Social Maturation in the Mortuary Ritual of Ipiutak and Tigara Hunter-Gatherers: Lifespan Perspectives on the Emergence of Personhood at Point Hope, Alaska

Justice

Temple

2019

Am. Antiq.

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Identity is a concept that shifts over the lifespan in association with relational interactions. This study documents and interprets the cultural systems influencing shifts in identity during maturation in hunter-gatherers from Point Hope, Alaska through archaeological mortuary practices. Grave goods, body position, body orientation, and burial depth (underground versus surface) were recorded for Ipiutak (1500–1100 BP) and Tigara (800–400 BP) cultures. Age was estimated using tooth formation. No age differences in burial depth were found, likely reflecting environmental constraints. Changes in body orientation, body position, and grave-good allocation were found between three and four years with another increase in grave-good allocation after age six. A larger age range of individuals without grave goods was found at Tigara. Changes in bodily orientation and position likely reflect beliefs surrounding the soul. The initial presence of animal implements may represent gifting of amulets, while increases in these items at later ages indicate continued maturation. Differences in the age ranges of individuals without animal implements between the two sites may reflect stronger delineations of social prestige at Ipiutak. These findings hint at the complex relational pathways associated with the formation of identity in prehistoric hunter-gatherer communities.

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Spirituality and the Seamstress: Birds in Ipiutak and Western Thule Lifeways at Deering, Alaska

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Pyridine-based functionalized graphene oxides as a new class of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: an experimental and DFT approach

Pyridine-based functionalized graphene oxides as a new class of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel: an experimental and DFT approach

Hypoxia in Paleolithic decorated caves: the use of artificial light in deep caves reduces oxygen concentration and induces altered states of consciousness

Bioarchaeological Evidence for Social Maturation in the Mortuary Ritual of Ipiutak and Tigara Hunter-Gatherers: Lifespan Perspectives on the Emergence of Personhood at Point Hope, Alaska

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