Spiroceca lupi infection in dogs in Kenya

Brodey, Robert S.; Thomson, RG; Sayer, P. D.; Eugster, B.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(77)90007-3

Cited by 40 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Prevalence data also changes over time in a specific region. These factors have been clearly demonstrated in the various studies performed in Kenya ( [Brodey et al, 1977], [Kagira and Kanyari, 2001], [Murray, 1968] and [Wandera, 1976]). The variability in prevalence is attributed to degree of rural development, utilisation of pesticides, efforts at disease control and changing nutritional habits.…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…A study from Brazil determined that poodles were predisposed (Oliviera-Sequeira et al, 2002) and in Israel the Labrador Retriever seems predisposed (Mazaki-Tovi et al, 2002). Spirocercosis has also been reported in domestic cats showing clinical signs of vomiting (Mense et al, 1992) and wild Felidae ( [Brodey et al, 1977] and [Upadhye et al, 2001]). …”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of reports are from Israel (Mazaki-Tovi et al, 2002), Greece (Mylonakis et al, 2001), Turkey, India (Ramachandran et al, 1984), Pakistan (Anataraman and Krishna, 1966), the southern United States (Dixon and McCue, 1967), Brazil (Oliviera-Sequeira et al, 2002), Kenya (Brodey et al, 1977) and South Africa (Lobetti, 2000).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The variability in prevalence is attributed to degree of rural development, utilisation of pesticides, efforts at disease control and changing nutritional habits. Faecal surveys have shown prevalences of 57% in Sierra Leone (Kamara, 1964), 56% in Kenya (Brodey et al, 1977), 23% in India (Chandrasekharon et al, 1958), 33.5-47% in the southern United States (Dixon and McCue, 1967) and 5% in Reunion Island (Prunaux and Guignard, 1991). Prevalence based on necropsy results are 23.5% in India (Ramachandran et al, 1984), 3-78% in Kenya and 13% in South Africa (Minnaar et al, 2002).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prevalence based on necropsy results are 23.5% in India (Ramachandran et al, 1984), 3-78% in Kenya and 13% in South Africa (Minnaar et al, 2002). In a necropsy report from Kenya the prevalence was 85% in stray dogs and only 38% in client owned dogs (Brodey et al, 1977).…”

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spirocerca lupi infection in the dog: A review

Merwe

Kirberger

Clift

et al. 2008

The Veterinary Journal

161

191

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Spirocercosis is a disease occurring predominantly in Canidae, caused by the nematode Spirocerca lupi. Typical clinical signs are regurgitation, vomiting and dyspnoea. The lifecycle involves an intermediate (coprophagous beetle) and a variety of paratenic hosts. Larvae follow a specific migratory route, penetrating the gastric mucosa of the host, migrating along arteries, maturing in the thoracic aorta before eventually moving to the caudal oesophagus. Here the worm lives in nodules and passes larvated eggs which can be detected using zinc sulphate faecal flotation. Histologically, the mature oesophageal nodule is composed mostly of actively dividing fibroblasts.Spirocerca lupi-associated oesophageal sarcomas may occur and damage to the aorta results in aneurysms. A pathognomonic lesion for spirocercosis is spondylitis of the thoracic vertebrae. Primary radiological lesions include an oesophageal mass, usually in the terminal oesophagus, spondylitis, and undulation of the aortic border. Contrast radiography and computed tomography are helpful additional emerging modalities. Oesophageal endoscopy has a greater diagnostic sensitivity than radiography. Endoscopic biopsies are not sensitive for detecting neoplastic transformation. Doramectin is the current drug of choice, effectively killing adult worms and decreasing egg shedding. Early diagnosis of infection is still a challenge and to date no ideal regimen for prophylaxis has been published.

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Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spirocerca lupi infection in the dog: A review

Merwe

Kirberger

Clift

et al. 2008

The Veterinary Journal

161

191

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The Efficacy of a Topically Applied Imidacloprid 10 % / Moxidectin 2.5 % Formulation (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi, Bayer) against Immature and Adult Spirocerca lupi Worms in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Austin¹,

Kok

Crafford

et al. 2013

Parasitol Res

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This study investigated the efficacy and safety of an imidacloprid 10 %/moxidectin 2.5 % spot-on combination (Advocate ® , Advantage ® Multi, Bayer) against immature and mature stages of Spirocerca lupi in experimentally infected dogs. 24 dogs were allocated to 3 groups and infected with approximately 10 L3 larvae of S. lupi orally on study day (SD) +2, +14, +28 and +42. Group 1 remained as untreated control group. Group 2 dogs were treated on SD -28, 0, and thereafter monthly until Day 280 (12 treatments). Group 3 dogs were treated weekly on 19 occasions starting on SD +170. The dosage for all treatments was the licensed dose of 10-25 mg imidacloprid/2.5-6.25 mg moxidectin per kg body weight. All dogs were examined on SD +169 or +176 by endoscopy. Group 3 dogs were additionally examined approximately every two weeks up to Day 296. On Day +308 or +310, all dogs were necropsied to recover S. lupi worms and to quantify lesions in the thoracic aorta and oesophagus. Dogs in the control group were adequately infected with S. lupi, demonstrated by the extensive damage to the thoracic aorta, the nodules in the oesophagus and the large numbers of worms recovered. In total 144 worms were collected (geometric mean of 16.8 worms per dog). Dogs in group 2 had no or very slight damage to the thoracic aorta and no nodules or worms in the oesophagus, indicating 100 % efficacy of the monthly treatments. Dogs in group 3 were also adequately infected, showing nodules in the oesophagus before initiation of weekly treatment, and at necropsy extensive damage was seen S92 EndoparasitEs in the thoracic aorta. After treatment, three dogs of 8 still had a few nodules and in total three worms (GM of 0.25 per dog) were recovered, demonstrating an efficacy of 98.5 % against adult S. lupi. All dogs tolerated the treatment well and no treatment-related adverse events occurred.

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Occurrence of Spirocerca lupi Infection in Hungarian Dogs Referred for Gastroscopy

et al. 2017

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The nematode Spirocerca lupi (Rudolphi 1809) is widely distributed, classically causing parasitic nodules in the esophagus, aortic aneurysms and spondylitis. Clinical signs of infection are regurgitation, vomiting, weight loss, coughing, dyspnea and, rarely, sudden death. This retrospective study (2007 -2016) investigated the prevalence and treatment outcome of Hungarian dogs with esophageal spirocercosis presented at the Endoscope Laboratory of the University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest (ELUVMBP). The change in the annual number of cases/upper gastrointestinal endoscopies (UGIE) and cases/ total number of endoscopies (TNE, the entire case load of ELUVMBP), and the efficacy of different treatment methods were examined. In the time period mentioned above, a total of 30 patients referred for UGIE were diagnosed with spirocercosis. The annual case numbers significantly increased in comparison to both the number of UGIEs (P = 0.0085) and TNEs (P = 0.0096). The annual distribution of cases does not differ significantly from an even distribution (P = 0.1589). Our study showed a significant increase in the number Original Article S100 EndoparasitEs of cases with spiro cercosis in Hungary between 2007 and 2016, and this this disease is prevalent at all times of year.

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Spiroceca lupi infection in dogs in Kenya

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Spirocerca lupi infection in the dog: A review

Spirocerca lupi infection in the dog: A review

The Efficacy of a Topically Applied Imidacloprid 10 % / Moxidectin 2.5 % Formulation (Advocate®, Advantage® Multi, Bayer) against Immature and Adult Spirocerca lupi Worms in Experimentally Infected Dogs

Occurrence of Spirocerca lupi Infection in Hungarian Dogs Referred for Gastroscopy

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