Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., Alkaliphilic Anaerobes from the Continental Soda Lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift

Zhilina, T. N.; Zavarzin, G. A.; Rainey, Fred A.; Kevbrin, V. V.; Kostrikina, N. A.; Lysenko, Anatoly M.

doi:10.1099/00207713-46-1-305

Cited by 94 publications

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“…Based on these results, it can be concluded that A. gottschalkii LBS3 T depends strictly on Na + ions for growth. The fact that alkaliphiles require Na + for their growth is well documented in earlier reports (Duckworth et al, 1996 ;Horikoshi, 1991a, b ;Li et al, 1993Li et al, , 1994Zhilina & Zavarzin, 1994 ;Zhilina et al, 1996). Most of the environments of alkaliphilic micro-organisms have high Na + concentrations.…”

Section: Salt Tolerancementioning

confidence: 70%

“…Of special interest are the sites in and around Lake Bogoria, the origin of our samples, where a number of hot springs are found with temperatures of up to 96 mC. IP: 34.217.195.47 On: Sat, 12 May 2018 16:01:55 S. G. Prowe and G. Antranikian date : Clostridium paradoxum (Li et al, 1993), Clostridium thermoalcaliphilum (Li et al, 1994), Thermococcus alcaliphilus (Keller et al, 1995), Anaerobranca horikoshii (Engle et al, 1995) and one mesophile, Spirochaeta asiatica (Zhilina et al, 1996). Some new, less-halotolerant mesophilic isolates and a few haloalkaliphilic strains have been described (Jones et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov., a novel thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows anaerobically at high pH and temperature.

Prowe¹,

Antranikian²

2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A novel thermoalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic bacterium was isolated from a humid soil sample of a hot inlet of Lake Bogoria, Kenya. The newly isolated strain grows optimally at pH 9 5 and 50-55 SC and its growth range is pH 6 0-10 5 and 30-65 SC. Unlike the already known thermoalkaliphiles, the strain grows heterotrophically on a variety of mono-and polysaccharides (glucose, ribose, mannose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch, pullulan, xylan and cellulose) and on proteinaceous substrates such as yeast extract, peptone and tryptone. No dissimilatory sulfate reduction was observed, whereas thiosulfate was found to enhance growth when glucose or starch were used as substrates. Under optimal conditions, the doubling time is 48 min. Sodium ions are necessary for growth, with an optimal concentration of 230 mM (1 % NaCl, w/v) at pH 9 5. The rod-shaped cells are motile in the exponential growth phase under optimal growth conditions. Despite the Gram-negative staining and negative KOH assay, the strain is a Gram-positive organism, having an atypically thin cell wall. A sheath-like structure occurs at the cell separation area and parts of a surface layer-like structure were also observed. Based on physiological properties and molecular biological analysis, the strain falls within the radiation of the clostridia and represents a new species of Anaerobranca within the Clostridium/Bacillus subphylum of the Gram-positive bacteria. Strain LBS3 T (l DSM 13577 T ) is named Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov. and is designated as the type strain.

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Section: Salt Tolerancementioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov., a novel thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows anaerobically at high pH and temperature.

Prowe¹,

Antranikian²

2001

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…However, 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicate that 'S. bajacaliforniensis' and S. litoralis do not represent the same species, as a pairwise comparison shows only 83?8 % similarity between the two species (data from this study).Other spirochaete extremophiles include anaerobic, thermophilic spirochaetes from hot springs in New Zealand (Patel et al, 1985), moderately thermophilic Spirochaeta caldaria from cyanobacterial mats of freshwater hot springs in Oregon and Utah (Pohlschroeder et al, 1994), and extremly thermophilic Spirochaeta thermophila from a marine littoral hydrotherm of Shiaskotan Island, Russia (Aksenova et al, 1992).The first alkaliphilic spirochaetes (Spirochaeta alkalica, Spirochaeta africana, Spirochaeta asiatica) were isolated from brine sediments under crusts of Trona [Na 3 (CO 3 ) (HCO 3 ).2(H 2 O)] in the alkaline equatorial Lake Magadi in Kenya (Africa) and from sulfide-saturated mud sediments of alkaline Lake Khatyn in Tuva, Siberia (Central Asia) (Zhilina et al, 1996). In this report, we describe a novel, haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic spirochaete isolated from a soda lake in California, USA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first alkaliphilic spirochaetes (Spirochaeta alkalica, Spirochaeta africana, Spirochaeta asiatica) were isolated from brine sediments under crusts of Trona [Na 3 (CO 3 ) (HCO 3 ).2(H 2 O)] in the alkaline equatorial Lake Magadi in Kenya (Africa) and from sulfide-saturated mud sediments of alkaline Lake Khatyn in Tuva, Siberia (Central Asia) (Zhilina et al, 1996). In this report, we describe a novel, haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic spirochaete isolated from a soda lake in California, USA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three strains of spirochaetes that exhibited indistinguishable morphological, metabolic and physiological characteristics were isolated; strain ASpG1 T was selected for further characterization. The culture of strain ASpG1 T was judged to be pure because only a single type of colony morphology was observed on the agar surface after growth of the organism, and only one cell type was observed upon microscopic examination during growth of the strain on a variety of substrates.Strain ASpG1 T was grown in a medium modified from Zhilina et al (1996) et al, 1982). The final pH was adjusted to 9?5.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California

Hoover

Pikuta

Bej

et al. 2003

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A novel, obligately anaerobic, mesophilic, haloalkaliphilic spirochaete, strain ASpG1 T , was isolated from sediments of the alkaline, hypersaline Mono Lake in California, USA. Cells of the Gramnegative strain were motile and spirochaete-shaped with sizes of 0?2-0?2268-18 mm. Growth of the strain was observed between 10 and 44˚C (optimum 37˚C), in 2-12 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 3 % NaCl) and between pH 8 and 10?5 (optimum pH 9?5). The novel strain was strictly alkaliphilic, required high concentrations of carbonates in the medium and was capable of utilizing D-glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, starch and D-mannitol. End products of glucose fermentation were H 2 , acetate, ethanol and formate. Strain ASpG1 T was resistant to kanamycin and rifampicin, but sensitive to gentamicin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol. The G+C content of its DNA was 58?5 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization analysis of strain ASpG1 T with its most closely related species, Spirochaeta alkalica Z-7491 T , revealed a hybridization value of only 48?7 %. On the basis of its physiological and molecular properties, strain ASpG1 T appears to represent a novel species of the genus Spirochaeta, for which the name Spirochaeta americana is proposed (type strain ASpG1 T =ATCC BAA-392 T =DSM 14872 T ).The genus Spirochaeta contains a group of free-living, saccharolytic, obligately or facultatively anaerobic, helixshaped bacteria (Canale-Parola, 1977, 1984. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences has shown that the spirochaetes represent a monophyletic phylum within the Bacteria (Paster et al., 1991). At the time of writing, the genus Spirochaeta contained 13 species of bacteria. These organisms occur in a wide variety of freshwater and marine environments (Canale-Parola, 1992), such as aquatic habitats (Spirochaeta aurantia) (Breznak & Canale-Parola, 1975), freshwater mud (Spirochaeta zuelzerae, Spirochaeta stenostrepta) (Canale-Parola, 1980), marine mud (Spirochaeta isovalerica, Spirochaeta litoralis) (Hespell & Canale-Parola, 1970;Harwood & Canale-Parola, 1983), oilfields (Spirochaeta smaragdinae) (Magot et al., 1997) and microbial mats (Teal et al., 1996). Some members of the genus Spirochaeta are microbial extremophiles that inhabit environments with extremes of salinity, alkalinity, pressure and/or temperature. The spirochaete extremophiles may harbour important enzymes and proteins and, consequently, are of particular interest to biotechnologists (Bermudes et al., 1987;Barth et al., 1991;Munson et al., 1993).Prior studies have shown that some species of the genus Spirochaeta are naturally resistant to sulfide concentrations at levels that inhibit the growth of many other microorganisms. The mesophilic halophile Spirochaeta halophila was isolated from black mud (smelling strongly of H 2 S) of Solar Lake, a high-salinity pond on the Sinai shore of the Gulf of Aqaba (Greenberg & Canale-Parola, 1976). The obligate anaerobe strain GS-2 is a mesophilic barophile that was isolated from sulfide-rich mud samples collected at a depth of 2550 m near deep-sea hydrotherm...

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Alkaliphilic Microorganisms

Ito¹

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Spirochaeta alkalica sp. nov., Spirochaeta africana sp. nov., and Spirochaeta asiatica sp. nov., Alkaliphilic Anaerobes from the Continental Soda Lakes in Central Asia and the East African Rift

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov., a novel thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows anaerobically at high pH and temperature.

Anaerobranca gottschalkii sp. nov., a novel thermoalkaliphilic bacterium that grows anaerobically at high pH and temperature.

Spirochaeta americana sp. nov., a new haloalkaliphilic, obligately anaerobic spirochaete isolated from soda Mono Lake in California

Alkaliphilic Microorganisms

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