Seven lindenane-type sesquiterpenoid trimers, including four new ones (1−4) and three known analogues (5− 7), were isolated from Chloranthus fortunei guided by highperformance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection with characteristic absorption at 210 and 350 nm. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were achieved by high-resolution mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, electronic circular dichroism, and quantum chemical calculations. Compound 1 was the first example of two lindenane units connected by a C-15−C-15′ bond. The 5/7/5-fused ring system in 2 was presumably formed biogenetically by key keto−enol tautomerism and Cope rearrangement from 5. The 5/3/6 carbon skeleton in 3−5 and epi-cyclopropane in 3 and 6 might have originated from trishizukaol A (7) with a normal 3/5/6-fused ring system through vinylcyclopropane rearrangement. The biomimetic conversion from 7 to 3−6 was successfully achieved by adding a 365 nm ultraviolet lamp and a free radical initiator, and 2 was also spontaneously converted to 5 in methanol and CDCl 3 , which proved the correctness of the structural identification and the speculation described above. Compounds 1−7 exhibited antiinflammatory activity with IC 50 values in the range of 2.90−22.80 μmol/L.