Spirometry and Airway Reactivity in Elite Track and Field Athletes

Schoene, Robert B.; Giboney, Kevin; Schimmel, Carmel; Hagen, Rjames; Robinson, Jane E.; Sato, Wayne; Sullivan, Kent N.

doi:10.1097/00042752-199710000-00003

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Interestingly, the EIA phenotype may exist in isolation, but in individuals with underlying asthma, EIA may represent a pathological induced response to cold air. In elite track and field athletes, 10% of men and 26% of women had EIB during competition, which is a higher-than-expected prevalence in high-level athletes [153]. In Olympic winter sport athletes, EIB affected almost one out of every four individuals, with the highest incidence in females and cross-country skiers [154].…”

Section: Exercise-induced Asthmamentioning

confidence: 94%

Asthma phenotypes in adults and clinical implications

Fajt¹,

Wenzel²

2009

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

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It is becoming increasingly recognized that asthma is a heterogeneous disease, whether based on clinical factors, including the patient's age at diagnosis, symptom spectrum and treatment response, triggering factors, or the level and type of inflammation. Attempts to analyze the importance of these characteristics to the clinical presentation of asthma have led to the appreciation of numerous separate and overlapping asthma phenotypes. However, these approaches are 'biased' and based on the clinician/scientist's own experience. Recently, unbiased approaches have also been attempted using both molecular and statistical tools. Early results from these approaches have supported and expanded on the clinician's concepts. However, until specific biologic markers are identified for any of these proposed phenotypes, the definitive nature of any phenotype will remain speculative.

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Section: Exercise-induced Asthmamentioning

confidence: 94%

Asthma phenotypes in adults and clinical implications

Fajt¹,

Wenzel²

2009

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine

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“…Of the Canadian professional football players 56% had positive bronchodilator test (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 s, FEV 1 ‡ 12%) to inhaled salbutamol (25). Among American track and field athletics, 10% of the men and 23% of the women suffered from EIB after a national competitive event with higher incidences after longdistance events (26).…”

Section: Asthma and Bhr Among Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise‐induced asthma, respiratory and allergic disorders in elite athletes: epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis: Part I of the report from the Joint Task Force of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) in cooperation with GA²LEN

Carlsen

Anderson

Bjermer³

et al. 2008

Allergy

294

269

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Aims: To analyze the changes in the prevalence of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and allergies in elite athletes over the past years, to review the specific pathogenetic features of these conditions and to make recommendations for their diagnosis. Methods: The Task Force reviewed present literature by searching Medline up to November 2006 for relevant papers by the search words: asthma, bronchial responsiveness, EIB, athletes and sports. Sign criteria were used to assess level of evidence and grades of recommendation.Results: The problems of sports-related asthma and allergy are outlined. Epidemiological evidence for an increased prevalence of asthma and BHR among competitive athletes, especially in endurance sports, is provided. The mechanisms for development of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in athletes are outlined. Criteria are given for the diagnosis of asthma and exercise induced asthma in the athlete. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness is markedly increased in athletes, especially within endurance sports. Environmental factors often contribute. Recommendations for the diagnosis of asthma in athletes are outlined.

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“…45,65,[89][90][91] Healthy adults demonstrated an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils and alveolar macrophages after 2 h of exercise in cold air but not at room air temperature. 92 Endurance athletes demonstrate a high prevalence of EIB 15,17,40,86,93,94 ; studies include a few older adolescents. In one study, 26% of Finish National runners had EIB on exercise challenge; the occurrence of EIB increased with atopy.…”

Section: Hyperventilation/cold Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, in elite endurance athletes, there is an increased incidence of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction (EIB); 21%-69% demonstrate EIB and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), depending upon the specific sport demands. [11][12][13][14][15][16] Particularly at risk are those athletes who practice in the cold weather, [17][18][19][20] ice rinks, [21][22][23][24] and swimming pools. 25,26 Atopy and lung inflammation have been shown to be cardinal features in the pathogenesis of EIB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-Induced Lung Disease: Too Much of a Good Thing?

Weiss

Rundell²

2011

Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology

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Exercise in children has important health benefits. However, in elite endurance athletes, there is an increased prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Particularly at risk are those who practice in cold weather, ice rinks, swimming pools, and air pollution. The inflammation is caused by repetitive episodes of hyperventilation of cold, dry air, allergens, or toxins such as chlorine or air pollution. Children may be particularly at risk for lung injury under these conditions because of the immaturity and ongoing development of their lung. However, studies in pediatric athletes and exercising young children are sparse. Epithelial injury associated with hyperventilation of cold, dry air has not been described in children. However, exercise in the presence of air pollution and chlorine is associated with airway injury and the development of asthma in children; the effect appears to be modulated by both atopy and genetic polymorphisms. While management of exerciseinduced bronchoconstriction and asthma is well established, there is little data to guide treatment or prevention of remodeling in athletes or inhalational lung injury in children. Studies underscore the need to maintain high levels of air quality. More investigations should be undertaken to better define the natural history, pathophysiology, and treatment of exercise-induced pulmonary inflammation in both elite athletes and exercising children.

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Spirometry and Airway Reactivity in Elite Track and Field Athletes

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Asthma phenotypes in adults and clinical implications

Asthma phenotypes in adults and clinical implications

Exercise-Induced Lung Disease: Too Much of a Good Thing?

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