Spiroplasma chrysopicola sp. nov., Spiroplasma gladiatoris sp. nov., Spiroplasma helicoides sp. nov., and Spiroplasma tabanidicola sp. nov., from Tabanid (Diptera: Tabanidae) Flies

Whitcomb, Robert F.; French, Frank E.; Tully, Joseph G.; Gasparich, Gail E.; Rose, David L.; Carle, Patricia; Bové, Joseph M.; Henegar, Roberta B.; Konai, M.; Hackett, Kevin J.; Adams, Jean R.; Clark, T. B.; Williamson, David L.

doi:10.1099/00207713-47-3-713

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The first indication that a newly isolated mollicute represents an Acholeplasma species often comes by finding that the organism is able to grow sustainably in serum-free media. However, apparent growth in serum-free media can be deceiving (Whitcomb, 1977;Whitcomb et al, 1997). Some mollicutes require very low levels of sterol for growth, which may be supplied in the passage volume when the cultures are passaged (Razin & Tully, 1970).…”

Section: (I) Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes)

Brown

Whitcomb

Bradbury

2007

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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138

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Minimal standards for novel species of the class Mollicutes (trivial term, mollicutes), last published in 1995, require revision. The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes proposes herein revised standards that reflect recent advances in molecular systematics and the species concept for prokaryotes. The mandatory requirements are: (i) deposition of the type strain into two recognized culture collections, preferably located in different countries; (ii) deposition of the 16S rRNA gene sequence into a public database, and a phylogenetic analysis of the relationships among the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the novel species and its neighbours; (iii) deposition of antiserum against the type strain into a recognized collection; (iv) demonstration, by using the combination of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses, serological analyses and supplementary phenotypic data, that the type strain differs significantly from all previously named species; and (v) assignment to an order, a family and a genus in the class, with an appropriate specific epithet. The 16S rRNA gene sequence provides the primary basis for assignment to hierarchical rank, and may also constitute evidence of species novelty, but serological and supplementary phenotypic data must be presented to substantiate this. Serological methods have been documented to be congruent with DNA-DNA hybridization data and with 16S rRNA gene placements. The novel species must be tested serologically to the greatest extent that the investigators deem feasible against all neighbouring species whose 16S rRNA gene sequences show .0.94 similarity. The investigator is responsible for justifying which characters are most meaningful for assignment to the part of the mollicute phylogenetic tree in which a novel species is located, and for providing the means by which novel species can be identified by other investigators.

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Section: (I) Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes)

Brown

Whitcomb

Bradbury

2007

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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138

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“…definition of new groups and sub-groups (22) and required a complete revision of the group classification of spiroplasmas (28). Moreover, several other strains, including some isolated from France (13,14), remain to be fully characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of spiroplasmas have been isolated from horse flies and deer flies in both the USA (5-8, 11,[22][23][24][25] and France (4,9,13,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma turonicum sp. nov. from Haematopota horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in France

Helias¹,

Vazeille-Falcoz²,

Goff³

et al. 1998

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Strain Tab4cT, a helical prokaryote that was isolated from the body of a Haematopota sp. fly collected in Champchevrier, Indre-et-Loire, Touraine, France, was found to be a member of the class Mollicutes. The cells of strain Tab4cT were small, motile helices that were devoid of a cell wall. The organism passed through filters with mean pore diameters as small as 0.20 mm. Strain Tab4cT grew rapidly in liquid SP-4 medium a t both 30 and 37 "C. The organism fermented glucose but did not hydrolyse arginine or urea, and did not require serum for growth. In preliminary electrophoretic analyses, the cell protein patterns of strain Tab4cT were distinct from those of 14 other spiroplasmas found in mosquitoes, deer flies and horse flies from Europe and the Far-East. In reciprocal metabolism inhibition and deformation serological tests, employing antigens and antisera representative of spiroplasma groups I-XXXIII (including all sub-groups), plus ungrouped strains BARC 1901 and BARC 2649, no serological relationship with Tab4cT was found. The G+C content of the DNA of strain Tab4cT was about 2521 m o l % and its genome size was 1.305 kbp. It is proposed that spiroplasma strain Tab4cT be assigned to group XVll (presently vacant) and that strain (ATCC 7002713 is the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma turonicum.Keywords: Spiroplasma turonicum sp. nov., Mollicutes, Diptera INTRODUCTIONA large number of spiroplasmas have been isolated from horse flies and deer flies in both the USA (5)(6)(7)(8)11,(22)(23)(24)(25) and France (4,9,13, 14).In general, tabanid spiroplasmas exhibit a considerable degree of biodiversity within the genus Spiroplasma, class Mollicutes, and recently a number of North American tabanid spiroplasmas were described as new species (7,11,23,24). This was accompanied by the Abbreviations: CCU, colour-changing units; DF, deformation; MI, metabolism inhibition; TEM, transmission electron microscopy. definition of new groups and sub-groups (22) and required a complete revision of the group classification of spiroplasmas (28). Moreover, several other strains, including some isolated from France (13, 14), remain to be fully characterized. On the basis of previous attempts to classify members of the genus Spiroplasma, serological analysis has been a prominent criterion (28). The validity for a number of proposed species designations has been confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization data and 16s rDNA sequence analysis (28). However, until sequence data are available for representatives of all spiroplasma groups and subgroups, phenotypic characters, including serological data, will provide the most logical basis for construction of polyphasic classifications. isolates (20). One of these, strain Tab4cT, proved to be unrelated to spiroplasmas belonging to previously described groups. In this paper, we present the results of studies that fulfil the proposed minimal criteria (10) for description of new species of the class Mollicutes. Therefore, we propose that strain Tab4cT (= ATCC 700271T) be recognized as the type str...

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“…In 1984, T. B. Clark and colleagues reported that tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) were a rich source of spiroplasmas (4). The strains reported in that paper and other strains discovered from tabanids since (9, 12,19,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)30) represent 11 spiroplasma groups. One of these groups, group VIII, contains three subgroups (21,32).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spiroplasma lineolae sp. nov., from the Horsefly Tabanus lineola (Diptera: Tabanidae)

French¹,

Whitcomb²,

Tully³

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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Spiroplasma strain TALS-2T from the viscera of the striped horsefly, Tabanus lineola, collected in Georgia was serologically distinct from other Spiroplasma species, groups, putative groups, and subgroups. Light and electron microscopy of cells of strain TALS-2T revealed helical motile cells surrounded only by a single cytoplasmic membrane. The organism grew in M1D and SP-4 liquid media. Growth also occurred in 1% serum fraction medium and in conventional horse serum medium. Growth in liquid media was serum dependent. The strain passed through 220-nm filter pores, but was retained in filters with 100-nm pores. The optimum temperature for growth was 30°C. Multiplication occurred at temperatures from 20 to 37"C, with a doubling time at the optimum temperature of 5.6 h in M1D broth. Strain TALS-2T catabolized glucose but hydrolyzed neither arginine nor urea. The guanine-plus-cytosine content of the DNA was 25 & 1 mol%. The genome size was 1,390 kbp. Six isolates serologically similar to strain TALS-2T were obtained from the same host in coastal Georgia. Three strains closely related to strain TALS-2T were isolated from the horsefly Poeciloderas quadripunctatus in Costa Rica. Strain TALS-2T (= ATCC 51749), a representative of group XXVII, is designated the type strain of a new species, Spiroplasma lineolae (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales).The genus Spiroplasma (Mollicutes: Entomoplasmatales) (20, 21, 30) consists of helical, wall-less prokaryotes associated with arthropods, particularly insects. In 1984, T. B. Clark and colleagues reported that tabanid flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) were a rich source of spiroplasmas (4). The strains reported in that paper and other strains discovered from tabanids since (9, 12,19,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)30) represent 11 spiroplasma groups. One of these groups, group VIII, contains three subgroups (21,32). An intensive study has been mounted in Georgia to identify spiroplasmas in tabanids in the coastal plain region of that state (5)(6)(7)16). Hundreds of isolates have been obtained, but most of these strains are serologically related to previously reported spiroplasma groups. The previously described groups obtained from tabanids include the following: group VIII, which includes three designated subgroups (subgroup VIII-1 [strain EA-lT; Spiroplasma syrphidicola], subgroup VIII-2 [strain DF-lT; Spiroplasma chrysopicola], and subgroup VIII-3 [strain TAAS-11 and is represented by strain TAAS-1 (3, 8,25,28); group XIV (strain EC-lT; Spiroplasma corruscae [9]); group XVIII (strain TN-lT; Spiroplasma litorale [12]); and group XXIII (strain TG-lT; Spiroplasma gladiatoris [25]). An uncommon cluster from Georgia and Texas, group XXXII (represented by strain TABS-2T), has recently been named Spiroplasma helicoides, and a more common cluster, group XXXfII (represented by strain TAUS-lT), has been named Spiroplasma tabanidicola (25). A few isolates from southern tabanids react in one-way serological tests with antisera to group IV (strain B31T; Spiroplasma apis [15]) and group XXXI (strain HYOS-lT; ...

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Spiroplasma chrysopicola sp. nov., Spiroplasma gladiatoris sp. nov., Spiroplasma helicoides sp. nov., and Spiroplasma tabanidicola sp. nov., from Tabanid (Diptera: Tabanidae) Flies

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Revised minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes)

Revised minimal standards for description of new species of the class Mollicutes (division Tenericutes)

Spiroplasma turonicum sp. nov. from Haematopota horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) in France

Spiroplasma lineolae sp. nov., from the Horsefly Tabanus lineola (Diptera: Tabanidae)

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