Spirulina

Reboleira, João; Freitas, Rafaela; Pintéus, Susete; Silva, Joana; Alves, Celso; Pedrosa, Rui; Bernardino, Susana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812491-8.00055-2

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This cyanobacterium has fatty acids of interest in its lipid composition, mainly essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid, γ‐linolenic acid, among others from the ω‐3 and ω‐6 families 74 . The γ‐linolenic acid is highlighted since Spirulina is one of the few existing sources of this component, corresponding to about 30–35% of its total polyunsaturated fatty acids 75 . In addition, its composition also includes α‐linolenic, stearidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids 76…”

Section: Anti‐inflammatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…74 The γ-linolenic acid is highlighted since Spirulina is one of the few existing sources of this component, corresponding to about 30-35% of its total polyunsaturated fatty acids. 75 In addition, its composition also includes α-linolenic, stearidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids. 76 Since they are not synthesized by the human body, the importance of ingesting essential fatty acids is well established in medicine, its absence being a problem for the body and a cause of diseases.…”

Section: Anti -Infl Ammatory Ac Tivit Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential application of Spirulinain dermatology

Ikeda

Sydney

2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Spirulinais an edible cyanobacterium known worldwide for its high nutritional value, and the interest in its biological activity and bioactive compounds, such as pigments, phenolics, peptides, and lipids, has been increasing. Due to the variety of its properties, the potential application of Spirulina in health is wide, including dermatological area. In a context of increasing demand for natural products and actives in cosmetics, this microorganism becomes a great source. This article aims to review what has already been reported in literature about the potential effects of Spirulina or its isolated compounds in skin, for either aesthetic or clinical purposes. In many studies, Spirulina and its components show a good influence in proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, extracellular matrix, and collagen production, as well as exerting antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory action. Thus, they promote a healthy environment for skin's cells and structure, cooperating for the highlighted anti‐aging, photoprotection, and wound‐healing effects. Some compounds of the cyanobacterium also exert a lighting property through tyrosinase inhibition. Its antimicrobial action can also be advantageous to skin contributing to anti‐acne, antibiofilm, and anti‐herpes effects. In face of many attributes and due to its rich composition, Spirulina presents multi‐benefits and shows an improvement in the general aspect of skin. However, some applications are still in need of studying and more clinical evidence is necessary.

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Section: Anti‐inflammatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anti -Infl Ammatory Ac Tivit Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential application of Spirulinain dermatology

Ikeda

Sydney

2022

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…Spirulina, protein, esansiyel amino asit ve yağ asitleri, vitamin (E vitamini, karotenoidler) ve mineral içeriği ile yüksek besin değerine sahiptir [19]. Genel bileşimini (kuru ağırlık yüzdesi) %50-70 protein, %15-25 karbonhidrat, %6-13 lipit, %4.2-6 nükleik asit ve %2.2-4.8 mineraller oluşturmaktadır [20]. Spirulina türlerinin enerji ve makro besin ögesi dağılımları Tablo 1'de özetlenmiştir [7].…”

Section: Besi̇n öGesi̇ İçeri̇ği̇unclassified

Spirulina Mikroalginin Besinsel Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Potansiyel Etkileri

Ozlu

Bayram

2022

Akademik Gıda

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In parallel with the rapid increase in the world population, the interest on the use of dietary supplements continues to increase. Although the use of algae in human nutrition dates back to ancient times, their use as a dietary supplement has increased in recent years. Especially Spirulina is one of the most widely consumed microalgae. In addition to its use as a dietary supplement in pills, tablets, capsules, powder, and gels, Spirulina has been integrated into various food products to increase its nutritional value and to benefit from its effects on human health. Current data in the literature show that Spirulina may have positive effects on diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes. These positive effects of Spirulina are related to its nutrient content and bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Apart from the positive health effects, there are some potential risks in using Spirulina as a dietary supplements. In some studies, heavy metals, cyanotoxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has been detected in Spirulina supplements. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the positive effects and potential risks of Spirulina on human health.

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“…Cyanobacteria are mainly sold in Europe, North America, and Asia [ 168 ]. Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) has been used for years, especially by African and Mexican populations living around alkaline lakes where it develops naturally [ 200 ]. Although mainly used for its richness in polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins, Arthrospira is also known for its important production (3–35%) of the essential γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6—GLA), which is pharmacologically significant as it is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and in stimulating prostaglandins [ 198 , 200 ].…”

Section: Use Of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Food and Feed Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spirulina ( Arthrospira ) has been used for years, especially by African and Mexican populations living around alkaline lakes where it develops naturally [ 200 ]. Although mainly used for its richness in polysaccharides and phycobiliproteins, Arthrospira is also known for its important production (3–35%) of the essential γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6—GLA), which is pharmacologically significant as it is effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and in stimulating prostaglandins [ 198 , 200 ]. However, it can also synthesize DHA in lower proportions (9% of total fatty acids content) that is involved in regulation of inflammatory, immunological, and cardiovascular disorders [ 198 , 201 ].…”

Section: Use Of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids In Food and Feed Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Remize¹,

Brunel²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Marine Drugs

111

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N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

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Spirulina

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Potential application of Spirulinain dermatology

Potential application of Spirulinain dermatology

Spirulina Mikroalginin Besinsel Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Potansiyel Etkileri

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

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