Splenic Arterial Pulsatility Index to Predict Hepatic Fibrosis in Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Abstract

The clinical utility of the splenic arterial pulsatility index (SAPI), a duplex Doppler ultrasonographic index, to predict the stage of hepatic fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains elusive. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study to include 296 hemodialysis patients with HCV who underwent SAPI assessment and liver stiffness measurements (LSMs). The levels of SAPI were significantly associated with LSMs (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.413, p < 0.001) and different stages of hepatic fibrosis as determined using LSMs (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient: 0.529, p < 0.001). The areas under receiver operating characteristics (AUROCs) of SAPI to predict the severity of hepatic fibrosis were 0.730 (95% CI: 0.671–0.789) for ≥F1, 0.782 (95% CI: 0.730–0.834) for ≥F2, 0.838 (95% CI: 0.781–0.894) for ≥F3, and 0.851 (95% CI: 0.771–0.931) for F4. Furthermore, the AUROCs of SAPI were comparable to those of the fibrosis index based on four parameters (FIB-4) and superior to those of the aspartate transaminase (AST)-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). The positive predictive value (PPV) for ≥F1 was 79.5% when the Youden index was set at 1.04, and the negative predictive values (NPVs) for ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 were 79.8%, 92,6%, and 96.9%, respectively, when the maximal Youden indices were set at 1.06, 1.19, and 1.30. The diagnostic accuracies of SAPI with the maximal Youden index for a fibrosis stage of ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 were 69.6%, 67.2%, 75.0%, and 85.1%, respectively. In conclusion, SAPI can serve as a good noninvasive index in predicting the severity of hepatic fibrosis in hemodialysis patients with chronic HCV infection.