Splenogonadal fusion: A rare case report and literature review

Salehi, Mahsa Baghban; Kenari, Fatemeh Abedian; Ghasemi, Maryam; Rehman, Shafi; Salehi, Maryam; Jafari, Hamid

doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108480

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Splenogonadal fusion is a condition of male predominance; however, the diagnosis in females is more difficult because the ovary is not visible on physical examination [ 3 , 4 , 6 ]. It can be classified into two types: continuous, if the spleen and gonad are united by a splenic cord or fibrous tissue, or discontinuous [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation is often asymptomatic, manifesting as a palpable testicular mass; however, in older children, it can cause pain [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation is often asymptomatic, manifesting as a palpable testicular mass; however, in older children, it can cause pain [6]. Differential diagnosis can be difficult and includes inguinal hernia, spermatic cord cyst, cryptorchidism, or testicular mass [1,6]. Testicular ultrasound with Doppler has an important role in the diagnosis; however, the increase of vascularization present in splenogonadal fusion can mimic a testicular neoplasm [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Differential Diagnosis in Splenogonadal Fusion: A Case Report

Coelho Mogárrio,

Pilar,

Santos

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Splenogonadal fusion is a rare, benign congenital malformation characterized by the association of splenic tissue and gonads (typically testicles). It is a condition of male predominance and can be classified into two types: continuous, if the spleen and gonad are united by a splenic cord or fibrous tissue, or discontinuous. Splenogonadal fusion is often associated with other congenital anomalies such as cryptorchidism, limb defects, and micrognathia. Differential diagnosis can be difficult and includes inguinal hernia, spermatic cord cyst, cryptorchidism, or testicular mass. Due to little knowledge of the pathology, unnecessary orchidectomies are often performed. A previously healthy five-year-old boy was sent to a pediatric surgery appointment due to testicular asymmetry. The physical examination showed a painless, nodular mass adhering to the upper pole of the left testicle, without any palpable inguinal masses. Tumor markers were negative, and a testicular ultrasound with Doppler revealed a mass suggestive of an accessory testicle. Left inguinal surgical exploration revealed the presence of a mass joined by fibrous tissue to the upper pole of the testicle, but no connection to the native spleen was found. Total excision was performed with the testicle’s preservation. The anatomopathological analysis revealed morphological aspects compatible with splenic tissue with normal characteristics. The diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion is rare and complex, requires several differential diagnoses, and is often made intraoperatively.The prognosis is excellent as long as there are no associated malformations. A high level of suspicion for this pathology, with recognition of the anatomical structures, can avoid unnecessary orchidectomy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical presentation is often asymptomatic, manifesting as a palpable testicular mass; however, in older children, it can cause pain [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Importance of Differential Diagnosis in Splenogonadal Fusion: A Case Report

Coelho Mogárrio,

Pilar,

Santos

et al. 2024

Cureus

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The continuous type of splenogonadal fusion: A rare case report and literature review

Nguyen,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Continuous Splenogonadal Fusion Diagnosed by Laparoscopy in a Child With a Communicating Hydrocele

Berrondo

2024

Cureus

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Splenogonadal fusion is a rare congenital anomaly primarily affecting males, characterized by an abnormal fusion of the spleen and the gonad. There are two primary forms: continuous, in which the normal spleen is directly connected to the gonad via a cord of fibrous or splenic tissue, or a combination of both, and discontinuous, in which ectopic splenic tissue fuses to the gonad without connection to the normal spleen. Continuous splenogonadal fusion is often associated with other congenital defects, such as cryptorchidism, limb anomalies, and micrognathia. Due to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms, splenogonadal fusion is typically diagnosed incidentally during surgery for undescended testis or inguinal hernia. We present a case of a five-year-old boy with a communicating hydrocele who underwent surgical repair. Intraoperative findings during inguinal exploration revealed a fibrous connection to the upper pole of the left testicle, extending into the internal inguinal ring. Diagnostic laparoscopy confirmed continuous splenogonadal fusion, demonstrating splenic tissue and a fibrous cord with islands of splenic tissue extending from the spleen to the internal inguinal ring. A portion of the fibrous cord with splenic nodules was excised and examined pathologically, confirming the diagnosis of splenogonadal fusion. The diagnosis of continuous splenogonadal fusion primarily relies on intraoperative findings during surgery for other conditions. Laparoscopy can be instrumental in diagnosing this rare condition.

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Splenogonadal fusion: A rare case report and literature review

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

The Importance of Differential Diagnosis in Splenogonadal Fusion: A Case Report

The Importance of Differential Diagnosis in Splenogonadal Fusion: A Case Report

The continuous type of splenogonadal fusion: A rare case report and literature review

Continuous Splenogonadal Fusion Diagnosed by Laparoscopy in a Child With a Communicating Hydrocele

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