Pleural cavity has an interesting physiology that when impaired gives rise to pleural effusions a rather frequent problem in respiratory medicine practice. Their aetiology varies widely producing distinct pathological lesions with different prognosis and treatment. The basic morphological features of pleural diseases, neoplastic and nonneoplastic, will be analysed in this review with an emphasis to their pathophysiology, differential diagnosis and clinicopathological correlations.
K E Y W O R D Sgenetics, inflammation, interventional pulmonology, pathology, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, thoracic surgery