Split Cord Malformation in a Thoroughbred Horse

Jonge, Bert De; Dufourni, Alexander; Oosterlinck, Maarten; Chiers, Koen

doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.07.003

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This anomaly is morphologically compatible with diplomyelia and type II SCM reported in humans, 16,17 calves, 10 dogs, 20,26 and foals. 9 It is noteworthy that these cases had more than 1 anomaly, including dorsoventral duplication of the spinal cord accompanied by myelodysplasia (Fig. 2c, d) or early termination (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…16,17 Similarly, SCM was identified in the cervical spinal cord in a 9-year-old Thoroughbred gelding with sudden onset lameness of the right forelimb. 9 Known as tethered cord syndrome in human medicine, spinal anomalies could cause adhesions with adjacent tissues, which in the case of sudden or repetitive flexion or extension of the spine could result in stretching of the spinal cord. 5,17 Likewise, a recent case report described a tailless Holstein calf with caudal spinal dysraphism in which a tethered spinal cord in the lumbosacral region caused ataxia and paresis with analgesia of the hindlimbs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ischemic myelomalacia and closed spinal dysraphism in multiple finishing swine

et al. 2022

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Ischemic myelomalacia secondary to fibrocartilaginous emboli (FCE) is an idiopathic disease in humans and animals. On the other hand, congenital spinal cord malformations result from neural tube defects in fetal development (ie, spinal dysraphism), with structural anomalies referred to collectively as myelodysplasia. Spinal dysraphisms are frequently accompanied by skin and vertebral abnormalities because of the embryogenic relationship. In this observational case study, we report the pathologic findings of 13, 18- to 24-weeks-old pigs from a large conventional operation that presented with acute paraparesis. Ischemic myelomalacia secondary to FCE was observed in 5 of 13 examined pigs. Congenital spinal cord malformations located between the caudal thoracic and sacral spinal cord were identified in 7 pigs, with structural abnormalities that ranged from diplomyelia/split cord malformation to segmental spinal dysgenesis (myelodysplasia) to caudal agenesis. Concurrent myelomalacia and congenital spinal cord malformations in the same or different sites were noted in 2 pigs. No spinal lesion was observed in 3 pigs. Although gross vertebral abnormalities were not observed herein, intervertebral instability due to minor defects in the articular facets, as well as other unidentified factors, is suspected to contribute high incidence of FCE. It is likely that these congenital malformations were previously underdiagnosed or are possibly new conditions associated with continuous inbreeding and genetic improvement in the modern swine industry.

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