Split Ergativity In The Nena Dialects

Barotto, Alessandra

doi:10.31826/9781463236489-015

Cited by 49 publications

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“…A similar viewpoint is explored by Mengozzi (2002bMengozzi ( , 49, 2005Mengozzi ( , 2011 and partly also Barotto (2014Barotto ( , 2015 who concentrate on relevant variation in early written sources. They study the phenomena in Neo-Aramaic in light of a socalled "decay of ergativity" in the spirit of a comparable loss of ergativity in Kurdish (Dorleijn 1996).…”

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confidence: 72%

“…Some question the validity of typological terminology like 'ergative' (Hemmauer and Waltisberg 2006) or adopt it only for practical reasons (Jastrow 1996, 52-53). Mengozzi (2002b, 37-49), Khan (2007a;, Doron and Khan (2012), Barotto (2015) and Coghill (2016) all compare ergative and accusative alignment properties typologically, but have different approaches and hence diverging conclusions. Several other scholars have also taken generative approaches, such as Hoberman (1989, 95-122) and Kalin and van Ur (2015).…”

Section: Recent Typological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter leads to different analyses. Taking a generative approach, Khan (2010, 2012) and Barotto (2015), for example, use labels based on grammatical case such as erg and acc for what are called L-suffixes here and nom and abs for what corresponds to the E-suffixes in their analysis and glossing of person markers.57 This sometimes leads to confusing and cumbersome combinations of erg-acc and sometimes even erg:nom in the glossing of verbal forms. Such case labels are not used for verbal person markers in this book, being reserved for nominal morphology.…”

Section: Alignment: Morphological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 'extended ergative' is viewed as post-ergative by Mengozzi (2002b, 45, fn. 144) and 'marked nominative' by Barotto (2015).30 The so-called 'absolutive Esuffixes' are gradually replaced by 'accusative L-suffixes' .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The views represented by Mengozzi (2005Mengozzi ( , 2011, Doron and Khan (2010), Barotto (2014Barotto ( , 2015 have in in common that the synchronic variation points to a gradual departure from an originally coherent ergative prototype to various constructions that are less typically ergative and/or accusative through the intermediary stage of the dynamic-stative split. The šmiʾ-a-le-form is taken as an ergative construction by definition, and wherever this form is lost, also ergativity is said to be lost.…”

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Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Noorlander¹

2021

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This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the cc by-nc-nd 4.0 license. chapter 1 1.2.1Above the Tigris: Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (nena) Dialect Bundle With about 150 dialects (Khan 2011), Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (nena) is by far the largest subgroup. Although the internal differentiation of nena is to some extent comparable to that of a language family and many dialects are not mutually intelligible, it is a common practice to speak of nena in terms of dialects. nena constitutes a notoriously complex dialect continuum, which itself is part of a larger continuum that also includes Neo-Aramaic dialects in Ṭur ʿAbdin (see §1.2.2). These dialects are spoken by Jewish (J.) and Christian (C.) communities in West and Northwest Iran (Iranian Kurdistan and Iranian Azerbaijan), North Iraq (Dohuk, Arbel, Sulaymaniyyah) north of the river Tigris and in Southeast Turkey (Hakkari, Van, Bohtan), many of whom have fled the area in the previous century. They are primarily named after the town where they are or used to be spoken with the additional specification of the religious affiliations of the speakers, since the dialects of the Jewish and Christian communities from the same town could differ greatly. Map 1 below displays the locations of several towns known to have (had) nena-speaking communities at least in the previous century, whose dialects will be discussed in this monograph. The names of the towns are generally Aramaic and do not necessarily reflect their equivalents in other regional languages.3 The Christian varieties in Bohtan (Southeast Turkey) and the Jewish varieties east of the Greater Zab river (Northeast Iraq and Northwest Iran) reveal particularly complex alignment types not found in the core nena area.After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, the emergence of new nations such as Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey and the beginning of the Kurdish struggle for autonomy, the Aramaic speakers found themselves largely in the cross-fire between Kurds and central governments and left their traditional territory. Most of the Jewish community left the region in the 1950s and settled in the young state of Israel. During the First World War most Christians fled present-day Turkey, where an ethnic cleansing occurred in 1915. Since the 1960s the exodus of the Christian community began, taking refuge in Europe, the US, Canada, Australia and South America. Following the American invasion and occupation of Iraq, the instability in the area reached a catastrophic climax in the turmoil of the Syrian Civil War and Islamic State's (Daesh's) reign of terror in Syria and Iraq, until Islamic State was ultimately defeated in the battles of Mosul (July, 2017) and Raqqa (October, 2017). Many Christians chose to return and remain in Iraq, although the material damage alone is enormous.Thus, due to ongoing displacement in the Middle East and beyond, the dialectology of nena is for a large part a historical reconstruction of the once vibrant tapestry of variation before 1915.

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confidence: 72%

Section: Recent Typological Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alignment: Morphological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Noorlander¹

2021

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Source constructions as a key to alignment change

Noorlander

2021

JHL

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Alignment patterns in the Eastern varieties of modern Aramaic varieties are generally said to originate in an ergative source construction based on the so-called ‘passive’ participle qṭīl- ‘killed’ and the preposition l- where ergative person markers gradually extended to all intransitive predicates. While various source constructions have been suggested, this article demonstrates that most explanatory power and scope for the complex historical background of the alignment microvariation in Neo-Aramaic is offered by the typology of resultatives. There was instability from the beginning due to the versatile nature of resultatives and the increasing polyfunctionality of the preposition l-. This, in turn, indicates that the suggested source constructions for ergative alignment need not be mutually exclusive. Moreover, this also points to ergativity as merely one among several outcomes rather than the original source.

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The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity

2017

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As any quick survey of the syntactic literature will show, there are almost as many different views of ergativity as there are so-called ergative languages (languages whose basic clause structure instantiates an ergative case-marking or agreement pattern). While ergativity is sometimes referred to as a typological characteristic of languages, research on the phenomenon has made it more and more clear that (a) languages do not fall clearly into one or the other of the ergative/absolutive vs. nominative/accusative categories and (b) ergative characteristics are not consistent from language to language. This volume contributes to both the theoretical and descriptive literature on ergativity and adds results from experimental investigations of ergativity. The chapters cover overview approaches within generative, typological, and functional paradigms, as well as approaches to the core morpho-syntactic building blocks of an ergative construction (absolutive case and licensing, and ergative case and licensing); common related constructions (anti-passive); common related properties (split-ergativity, syntactic vs. morphological ergativity, word order, the interaction of agreement patterns and ergativity); and extensions and permutations of ergativity (nominalizations, voice systems). While the editors all work within the generative framework and investigate the syntactic properties of ergativity through fieldwork, and many of the chapters represent similar research, there are also chapters representing different frameworks (functional, typological) and different approaches (experimental, diachronic). The theoretical chapters touch on many different languages representing a wide range of language families, and there are sixteen case studies that are more descriptive in nature, attesting to both the pervasiveness and diversity of ergative patterns.

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Split Ergativity In The Nena Dialects

Cited by 49 publications

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Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Ergativity and Other Alignment Types in Neo-Aramaic

Source constructions as a key to alignment change

The Oxford Handbook of Ergativity

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