Split-parallel in-wheel-motor retrofit hybrid electric vehicle

Zulkifli, Saiful A.; Saad, Nordin; Mohd, Syaifuddin; Aziz, Abdul Rashid Abdul

doi:10.1109/peoco.2012.6230915

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As illustrated in Figure 2, while power flow in the former is uni-directional, the latter is bi-directional -it allows for energy to be dispensed (electric motoring) and replenished (charging and re-generative braking). In general, this results in nine possible operating modes for a parallel HEV [3]. In mode 1, only the ICE provides propulsion power to the vehicle, while in mode 2, the electric motor alone propels the vehicle.…”

Section: Operation and Power Flow Of Parallel Hybrid Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in-wheel motor speed 2 is thus equal to the speed of the ICE-driven front wheels, 3 . This is similar to a double-shaft, device-coupled parallel drivetrain with the motor shaft coupled directly to the front-wheel axle (post-transmission coupling) with k = 1.…”

Section: Torque-speed Relationship and Profile Of Ttr-iwm Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1) satisfy the driver's power demand, 2) minimize fuel consumption and emissions, 3) maintain a reasonable level of battery SOC for self-sustaining operation (no external charging), and 4) recover the maximum amount of braking energy.…”

Section: Control Challenges Of Ttr-iwm Hybrid Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this configuration, the ICE operates on one drive-shaft (e.g., front) while the in-wheel motors are fitted into the other pair of wheels (e.g., rear) (Figure 1), resulting in a split-axle parallel architecture [3]. There is no specific mechanical device coupling the two propulsion sources; instead, the power sources are coupled through the road, giving rise to the term through-the-road or TTR hybrid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the fuel-reduction advantage of ICE downsizing can be fully explored [5,6]. However, in the case of retrofit TTR-IWM hybrid conversion, performance benefits may be reduced due to the following factors: unchangeable size of the ICE, limited dimensioning possibility for the in-wheel motor due to space constraint of the wheel hub, and reduced operating modes and control possibility of the TTR-IWM hybrid [3,7]. The issue of limited motor sizing is investigated in Zulkifli, Mohd [8]; the present work attempts to address the third concern: how operation and control of the TTR-IWM hybrid vehicle differ from the ordinary, device-coupled, on-board motor parallel hybrid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Operation and Control of Split-Parallel, Through-the- Road Hybrid Electric Vehicle With in-Wheel Motors

Zulkifli¹,

Mohd²,

Saad³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A variant of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a split-axle, through-the-road parallel hybrid, which enables existing vehicles to be retrofitted into an HEV with minimal modification -achieved by placing electric motors in the hub of the otherwise non-driven wheels. The term 'through-the-road' (TTR) refers to the power coupling scheme between the internal combustion engine (ICE) and in-wheel motors (IWM), which is not through some mechanical device but through the vehicle itself, its wheels and the road on which it moves. The objective of the present work is to identify specific operating modes, power flow, torque-speed relationship, profiles and system architecture of the TTR-IWM hybrid -in particular a retrofit-conversion hybrid -in comparison to the ordinary parallel HEV. This paper also discusses three possible control architectures and the corresponding control parameters. The TTR-IWM hybrid's reduced operating modes and inability to charge its battery bank during vehicle stand-still present challenges which require a specific control strategy. Simulation results of acceleration show that the TTR-IWM hybrid has better fuel economy and acceleration performance, compared to the pre-transmission, parallel hybrid vehicle with on-board motor.

show abstract

Section: Operation and Power Flow Of Parallel Hybrid Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Torque-speed Relationship and Profile Of Ttr-iwm Hybridmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Control Challenges Of Ttr-iwm Hybrid Electric Vehiclementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%