“…As computing hardware and theories have improved, in recent years a wide range of ellipseestimation applications, including defect detection for industrial products [24], ellipse extraction from remote sensing images [5], [14], [39], biological and biomedical analysis [2], [12], [18], intelligent transportation systems [25], [32], human pupil monitoring [17], human face recognition and tracking [7], [10], [22], [38], [40], video surveillance [27], [35], [36], and others [37], has been achieved. In addition, since the ellipse is a fundamental shape primitive, ellipse detection can facilitate more advanced object recognition tasks by providing significant appearance features.…”