SPME‐GC‐MS analysis of volatile organic compounds in honey from Basilicata. Evidence for the presence of pollutants from anthropogenic activities

Abstract

Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of nineteen samples of honey from Basilicata (southern Italy) showed the presence of some flavour components never described before in honey. Furthermore, some phenyl-substituted hydrocarbons were detected. These compounds may be derived from the wastewater treatment plant in the area. Furthermore, in honey collected near an oil extraction plant, hydrocarbons were found; these may be derived from such plants present in the area.

Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in honey and propolis produced from various flowering trees and plants in Romania

“…There is very little information on the levels of PAH in honey (Albero et al, 2003;Bentivenga et al, 2004;Campos et al, 2000) and there is no work in relation to propolis extract, to our knowledge. However, there is data about the composition of propolis wax (including hydrocarbons) (Negri et al, 2000).…”

Semiochemicals Released by Pecan Alleviate Physiological Suppression in Overwintering Larvae of Acrobasis nuxvorella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…The volatile extracts were captured from the headspace by using solid-phase microextraction (polydimethylsiloxane-carboxen-coated Þber, Þlm thickness 85 m; Supelco, Inc., Bellefonte, PA), previously conditioned in the gas chromatography (GC) injector at 250ЊC for 5 min. Such a Þber was passively exposed for 20 min to the headspace of the 25-ml vial cap septa containing the extracts (10 mg) for the volatiles to be adsorbed; then, the Þber was directly introduced into the GC mass spectrometry (MS) injector port for 5 min to desorb the analytes (Zini et al 2001(Zini et al , 2002Sanz et al 2001;Bentivenga et al 2004). Every combination of cultivar and tissue type was represented, so three replications of each extract of cultivar and tissue type were analyzed.…”

Volatile Profile, Pigment Content, and In Vitro Radical Scavenging Activity of Flower, Thyme, and Fir Honeys Produced in Hellas

“…Finally, in fir honeys from Aitolokarnania 1-bromo-napthalene was determined at 2.17 ± 3.06 μg/kg. Probably, the use of aerosol containing these compounds, could led to its deposition on flowers around the plant [12]. It should be noted that such pollutants have not been yet regulated by the official authorities worldwide.…”

“…), hydrocarbons (octane,1-nonene, nonane, 5-methyl-4-nonene, undecane), ketones (1-2-furanyl-ethanone), norisoprenoids (2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione), terpenoids (alpha-pinene, 2-beta-pinene, dL-limonene, etc. ), and furan derivatives (2,5-diethyltetrahydro-furan, 3-phenyl-furan2,5-dimethyl-3-ethyl-4-acetyl-furan), have been reported ( ) peak area of analyte Volatiles / peak area of internal standard g kg previously to enhance the volatile profile of several honey types produced in different countries [2,5,6,10,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Indeed, the use of SPME-GC/MS on the headspace aroma of honey may provide information regarding specific volatiles that are pollutants [12]. The average ± SD values (μg/kg) of such compounds (data not shown) were: chloroform (5.86 ± 1.52), cyclohexane (5.96 ± 6.87), benzyl chloride (5.60 ± 5.89), and 1,1-dichloro-ethene (1.20 ± 0.95) for thyme honey from Kos Island; chloroform (6.59 ± 4.41), cyclohexane (2.91 ± 2.10) and 1,1-dichloro-ethene (3.76 ± 2.46) for flower thyme from Samos Island.…”