Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents

Abstract

A review of the current literature shows that there is a lack of consensus regarding the treatment of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents. Most of the views and recommendations provided in various reports are weakly supported by evidence. There is a limited amount of information about the natural history of the condition, making it difficult to compare the effectiveness of various conservative and operative treatments. This systematic review summarises the current knowledge on spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and attempts to present a rational approach to the evaluation and management of this condition in children and adolescents.

Thoracolumbar kyphoscoliosis with unilateral subluxation of the spine and postoperative lumbar spondylolisthesis in Hunter syndrome

“…Contributing factors in the development of spondylolisthesis following surgery in this case likely include the patient's propulsive gait and flexed posture, reduced connective tissue strength associated with MPS, and load concentration in the remaining lumbar motion segments following arthrodesis. 15 Interestingly, the spondylolisthesis developed at the adjacent distal L4-5 level and not at the level below, at which preoperative spinal CT demonstrated bilateral L-5 spondylolysis that would also predispose to segmental instability.…”

Paleopathological, Trichological and Paleoparasitological Analysis of Human Skeletal Remains from the Migration Period Cemetery Prague-Zličín

“…In addition to congenital developmental disorders, innate predispositions for the activation of spondylolysis by external factors must be taken into account. Such importance is further supported by the gradually increasing incidence of this disorder in children and adolescents (Fredrickson et al 1984;Tsirikos, Garrido 2010); an increase has also been detected in adults (Kalichman et al 2009). In most cases, acquired spondylolysis is regarded as a fatigue fracture caused by repeatedly overloading the spine (more accurately pseudoarthrosis) which would logically correspond to its occurrence in the functionally-strained part of the spine.…”

Pediatric Rheumatology for the Primary Care Clinicians-Recognizing Patterns of Disease

“…The child may even have trouble sitting up. [114][115][116] The child may have fever and elevated acute phase reactants. Physical exam is often unremarkable, especially the lower extremity exam.…”