Spontaneous abortion among <scp><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> IgG</scp> seropositive women: Molecular detection, genotype identification, and serological assessment with conventional <scp>ELISA</scp> and avidity <scp>ELISA</scp>

Khademi, Seyedeh Zahra; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh; Dalimi, Abdolhossein; Davoodian, Parivash; Abdoli, Amir

doi:10.1111/jog.15349

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This paper concluded that chronic T. gondii infection may be one of the major worldwide causes of miscarriage. A recent report of chronically infected women with high avidity infection showed that parasite DNA was detectable in blood and placental samples from spontaneous abortions, suggesting that congenital infection was a possibility in these women with chronic toxoplasmosis 48 . A recent systematic review and meta‐analysis reported that recent T. gondii infection is associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion, confirming our results 49 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…A recent report of chronically infected women with high avidity infection showed that parasite DNA was detectable in blood and placental samples from spontaneous abortions, suggesting that congenital infection was a possibility in these women with chronic toxoplasmosis. 48 A recent systematic review and meta-analysis reported that recent T. gondii infection is associated with an elevated risk of spontaneous abortion, confirming our results. 49 Miscarriages appear to be the most well-studied adverse pregnancy outcome in the previous research, and preterm birth has not been well characterized in women with latent toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women

Mutka

Seyfang²,

Yoo

et al. 2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aims: Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection is not thought to affect pregnancy or birth outcomes, but there are few prospective studies. The study aims were T. gondii immunoglobulin G measurement and relationship of chronic T. gondii infection with gestational age at birth and adverse pregnancy outcomes in 690 Hispanic women in Tampa, Florida. Methods: Hispanic women, born either in the United States or in Latin America or the Caribbean had a venous blood sample drawn to measure T. gondii IgG and T. gondii serotype at the first prenatal visit, along with collection of demographic and health-related measures. Seropositive and seronegative women were followed throughout their pregnancy. Gestational age, infant weights, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (miscarriages, preterm births) were compared in the two groups. Results: There were 740 women of self-reported Hispanic ethnicity screened and enrolled in Tampa, Florida, with 690 having birth data extracted from the electronic health record (538 T. gondii negative and 152 T. gondii seropositive). T. gondii seropositivity was 22.4% and the majority (83%) had high avidity titers, indicating chronic infection. Compared to T. gondii seronegative Hispanic women, seroseropositive women had more smaller for gestational age infants and higher prevalences of miscarriages and preterm birth. Conclusion: This is one of the largest longitudinal cohort studies of women with chronic T. gondii infection followed through pregnancy. There was a higher percentages of adverse pregnancy outcomes in this group compared to T. gondii seronegative controls. The mechanism for this is unknown and warrants reexamination of the dogma that chronic T. gondii infection in pregnant women has no significant clinical consequences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women

Mutka

Seyfang²,

Yoo

et al. 2022

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…gondii infection, while T . gondii infection is usually asymptomatic (latent) among immunocompetent individuals, [ 7 , 12 ]. Like humans, the laboratory rat ( Rattus norvegicus ) is resistant to T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In immunocompromised individuals, the infection could have life-threatening sequels, such as toxoplasmic encephalitis, myocarditis, or disseminated infections [ 7 , 8 ]. Congenital toxoplasmosis is also a life-threatening condition which may lead to abortion, stillbirth, and preterm birth [ 9 – 12 ]. The intensity of T .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone alteration: A systematic review and meta-analyses

Abdoli,

Ghaffarifar,

Sharifi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a worldwide distributed protozoan parasite which has infected a wide range of warm-blooded animals and humans. The most common form of T. gondii infection is asymptomatic (latent); nevertheless, latent toxoplasmosis can induce various alterations of sex hormones, especially testosterone, in infected humans and animals. On the other hand, testosterone is involved in behavioral traits and reproductive functions in both sexes. Hence, the purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the available evidence regarding the association between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration. Methods In the setting of a systematic review, an electronic search (any date to 10 January 2023) without language restrictions was performed using Science Direct, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Following the initial search, a total of 12,306 titles and abstracts were screened initially; 12,281 were excluded due to the lack of eligibility criteria or duplication. Finally, 24 articles met the included criteria. A mean±standard deviation (SD) was calculated to assess the difference of testosterone between T. gondii positive and T. gondii negative humans. The possibility of publication bias was assessed using Egger’s regression. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results This systematic review identified 24 articles (18 studies in humans and six studies in animals). Most human studies (13 out of 19) reported an increased level of testosterone following latent toxoplasmosis in males, while three studies reported decreased levels and two studies reported an insignificant change. Eleven articles (seven datasets in males and seven datasets in females) were eligible to be included in the data synthesis. Based on the random-effects model, the pooled mean± SD of testosterone in T. gondii positive than T. gondii negative was increased by 0.73 and 0.55 units in males and females, respectively. The Egger’s regression did not detect a statistically significant publication bias in males and females (p = value = 0.95 and 0.71), respectively. Three studies in male animals (rats, mice, and spotted hyenas) and two studies in female animals (mice and spotted hyenas) reported a decline in testosterone in infected compared with non-infected animals. While, one study in female rats reported no significant changes of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals. Moreover, two studies in male rats reported an increased level of testosterone in infected than non-infected animals. Conclusions This study provides new insights about the association between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration and identifies relevant data gaps that can inform and encourage further studies. The consequence of increased testosterone levels following T. gondii infection could partly be associated with increased sexual behavior and sexual transmission of the parasite. On the other hand, declining testosterone levels following T. gondii infection may be associated with male reproductive impairments, which were observed in T. gondii-infected humans and animals. Furthermore, these findings suggest the great need for more epidemiological and experimental investigations in depth to understand the relationship between T. gondii infection and testosterone alteration alongside with future consequences of testosterone alteration.

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“…It is generally believed that women who have T. gondii IgG before pregnancy are immunized against congenital toxoplasmosis [ 2 ]. However, our recent reports revealed that T. gondii IgG-seropositive women also had a risk of spontaneous abortion [ 35 ]. On the other hand, some epidemiologic studies suggest an association between abortion and breast cancer risk, but the results are inconsistent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latent Toxoplasmosis among Breast Cancer Patients in Jahrom, South of Iran

Haghbin

Maani

Bagherzadeh

et al. 2023

International Journal of Breast Cancer

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Objective. Reactivation of latent toxoplasmosis is the main cause of severe infection among immunocompromised patients, including patients with cancer. Hence, this study is aimed at screening the status of Toxoplasma gondii infection among breast cancer patients by serological and molecular methods and determining their associated risk factors in Jahrom County, Fars Province, south of Iran. Methods. One hundred and seven women with breast cancer (aged 34 to 80 years) were screened for anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgG and IgM) during 2019–2020. A questionnaire regarding demographic factors was filled out by participants. Molecular detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the primer pair targeting the repetitive element (RE) gene of T. gondii. The risk factors and demographic data were analyzed by SPSS software (ver. 20, Chicago, IL, USA) using the Chi-squared test. Results. Anti-T. gondii IgG was detected in 45.8% (49/107) of the patients, which indicates latent infection, but anti-T. gondii IgM and PCR were negative in all samples. Demographic factors revealed a statistically significant increased T. gondii seropositivity among nonmenopause cancer patients ( P < 0.0005 ), patients without previous breast cancer ( P = 0.0001 ), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2- (HER2-) negative patients ( P = 0.00002 ). As such, patients with a history of previous abortions and who were at stages II, III, and IIII of cancer had higher seropositivity rates than patients without a history of previous abortions or who were at stage I cancer, but the statistical analysis was not significant. We did not find a statistically significant association between T. gondii seropositivity and other risk factors of toxoplasmosis (e.g., education level, type of water source, washing raw fruits and vegetables, consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and contact with soil, cats, and domestic animal). Conclusion. A high seroprevalence rate of latent T. gondii infection was detected among patients with breast cancer; hence, these patients may be at high risk for reactivation of latent infection. Screening of T. gondii infection is recommended to detect active infection among patients with malignancies.

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Spontaneous abortion among Toxoplasma gondii IgG seropositive women: Molecular detection, genotype identification, and serological assessment with conventional ELISA and avidity ELISA

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women

Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii seropositive Hispanic women

Toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone alteration: A systematic review and meta-analyses

Latent Toxoplasmosis among Breast Cancer Patients in Jahrom, South of Iran

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