Spontaneous and Bleomycin-Induced &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;&amp;amp;gamma;&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;H2AX Signals in CHO9 Metaphase Chromosomes

Tomaso, María Vittoria Di; Basso, Silvia; Lafon-Hughes, Laura; Saona, Gustavo; López-Carro, Beatriz; Reyes-Ábalos, Ana Laura; Liddle, Pablo

doi:10.4236/abb.2014.57071

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Our present data provided evidence of the sensitivity of the cell-signaling repertoire of murine hippocampal astrocytes to the genetic damage induced by acute exposure to the drug of human-wide consumption EtOH and/or the stress response hormone CTS (Figure 1). Genomic DNA damage was assessed by γH2AX foci, which are produced a few minutes after its induction by the early phosphorylation of the H2A histone variant, H2AX [48][49][50][51][52][53]. γH2AX immunoreactivity detected in astrocyte nuclei also indicated the early activation of the DDR cell pathways [41,[44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic damage and DDR were assessed by analyzing the rapid phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX (termed γH2AX foci) around sites of DNA damage. γ-H2AX recruits a series of proteins involved in the downstream DDR pathway [48][49][50][51][52][53], including connections with the DNA repair [44,54,55]. To detect evolution of DDR and early signs of apoptosis, the DDR-related apoptosis, which operates via the regulation of the proapoptotic bax gene [56][57][58], was assessed by recognizing BAX (proapoptotic effectors BCL-2-associated X protein or BCL-2-like protein 4) immunoreactivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Genetic Damage Induced by Ethanol and Corticosterone Seems to Modulate Hippocampal Astrocyte Signaling

Reyes-Ábalos,

Álvarez-Zabaleta,

Olivera-Bravo

et al. 2024

International Journal of Cell Biology

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Astrocytes maintain CNS homeostasis but also critically contribute to neurological and psychiatric disorders. Such functional diversity implies an extensive signaling repertoire including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and nanotubes (NTs) that could be involved in protection or damage, as widely shown in various experimental paradigms. However, there is no information associating primary damage to the astrocyte genome, the DNA damage response (DDR), and the EV and NT repertoire. Furthermore, similar studies were not performed on hippocampal astrocytes despite their involvement in memory and learning processes, as well as in the development and maintenance of alcohol addiction. By exposing murine hippocampal astrocytes to 400 mM ethanol (EtOH) and/or 1 μM corticosterone (CTS) for 1 h, we tested whether the induced DNA damage and DDR could elicit significant changes in NTs and surface-attached EVs. Genetic damage and initial DDR were assessed by immunolabeling against the phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γH2AX), DDR-dependent apoptosis by BAX immunoreactivity, and astrocyte activation by the glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP) and phalloidin staining. Surface-attached EVs and NTs were examined via scanning electron microscopy, and labeled proteins were analyzed via confocal microscopy. Relative to controls, astrocytes exposed to EtOH, CTS, or EtOH+CTS showed significant increases in nuclear γlH2AX foci, nuclear and cytoplasmic BAX signals, and EV frequency at the expense of the NT amount, mainly upon EtOH, without detectable signs of morphological reactivity. Furthermore, the largest and most complex EVs originated only in DNA-damaged astrocytes. Obtained results revealed that astrocytes exposed to acute EtOH and/or CTS preserved their typical morphology but presented severe DNA damage, triggered canonical DDR pathways, and early changes in the cell signaling mediated by EVs and NTs. Further deepening of this initial morphological and quantitative analysis is necessary to identify the mechanistic links between genetic damage, DDR, cell-cell communication, and their possible impact on hippocampal neural cells.

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