Spontaneous and stimulatedγradiation emitted by relativistic charged channeled particles (review)

Abstract

Etching studies of KCl crystals doped with Ca2+ are carried out. These solution-grown crystals contained 1.44 & 0.02 weight percent calcium as estimated by EDTA titration. Establishing the etchants that attack at the sites of dislocations, and at sites other than those of dislocations, and comparing this etching behaviour with that of pure KCI crystals, it is shown that non-dislocation etch pits are at the sites of Ca2+ ions.

Higher-order corrections to the equation-of-state of QED at high temperature

“…Real world QED corresponds to N = 1, but since we have ignored the electron mass the results are applicable only at extremely high temperatures [9]. Numerically, the fourth and fifth order terms we have found are small corrections in the regime where the coupling itself is small.…”

“…It is also a step towards same order calculations for QCD which is believed to exist in a perturbative quark-gluon phase at high temperature. Currently the pressure of the high-temperature phase of QCD is known to order g 4 ln g, excluding the normalisation of the logarithm [7,8,9].…”

Perturbative QCD at High Temperature

“…The coefficient F 2 was first given by Shuryak [33]. The coefficient of F 3 was calculated by Kapusta [34] and Kalashnikov and Klimov [35]. The coefficient of order α 2 s log α s was obtained by Toimela [36] and the coefficient of order α 2 s by Arnold and Zhai [20].…”