Spontaneous Breakdown of Symmetry in Stochastic Quantization

Large N Limit on Langevin Equation: Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Sigma Model

“…Recently, the stochastic quantization method [1] [2] has been used to study spontaneous (dynamical) breakdown of symmetry, [3] for example, Nambu•Jona-Lasinio model. [4] Their main tool for investigation is the stochastic generating functional from which the effective potential is derived.…”