Spontaneous Breaking of Spatial and Spin Symmetry in Spinor Condensates

Scherer, M.; Lücke, Bernd; Gebreyesus, G.; Topic, O.; Deuretzbacher, Frank; Ertmer, W.; Santos, Luís; Arlt, Jan J.; Klempt, Carsten

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.135302

Cited by 58 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Spinor condensates have emerged as a promising quantum model system for spontaneous structure formation and symmetry breaking [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As such they were proposed to offer links to a broad range of fields, for example, the emergence of density variations in the universe via the Kibble-Zurek mechanism [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and excitations in antiferromagnetic spinor condensates

2012

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We consider the phenomenon of spin-pattern formation reported in recent experiments in spin-2 rubidium condensate [J. Kronjäger, C. Becker, P. Soltan-Panahi, K. Bongs, and K. Sengstock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 090402 (2010)]. To understand the mechanism underlying the process and explain the parameters such as pattern period and growth rate, we employ the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and an alternative method based on energy conservation and the uncertainty principle. While the two methods agree in the spin-1 case, only the second method can provide analytical results in the spin-2 case. Using these results, we explain the occurrence of two regimes, the spin-dominated and the Zeeman-dominated, with the prevalence of spin-wave modes and quadrupole modes, respectively. We obtain very good agreement between theory and experiment for the pattern period and growth rate over several orders of magnitude of the magnetic field strength.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and excitations in antiferromagnetic spinor condensates

2012

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“…At low temperature, quantum degenerate spinor gases exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking [5,6], magnetic order, and intricate spin textures [7,8] governed by the interplay of magnetism and superfluidity. Several works have examined the ground state of a spatially uniform F = 1 spinor gas for which the spindependent contact interaction, characterized by a coupling strength c 2 = 4πh 2 a/m < 0, favors magnetized spin states [9][10][11][12]; here a is a difference in s-wave scattering lengths, and m is the atomic mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-time-scale dynamics of spin textures in a degenerateF=187Rb spinor Bose gas

et al. 2011

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We investigate the long-term dynamics of spin textures prepared by cooling unmagnetized spinor gases of F = 1 87 Rb to quantum degeneracy, observing domain coarsening and a strong dependence of the equilibration dynamics on the quadratic Zeeman shift q. For small values of |q|, the textures arrive at a configuration independent of the initial spin-state composition, characterized by large length-scale spin domains and the establishment of easy-axis (negative q) or easy-plane (positive q) magnetic anisotropy. For larger |q|, equilibration is delayed as the spin-state composition of the degenerate spinor gas remains close to its initial value. These observations support the mean-field equilibrium phase diagram predicted for a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate and also illustrate that equilibration is achieved under a narrow range of experimental settings, making the F = 1 87 Rb gas more suitable for studies of nonequilibrium quantum dynamics.

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“…The squeezed vacuum is generated by spin-changing collisions in a Bose-Einstein condensate of neutral 87 Rb atoms -in direct analogy to optical parametric down-conversion. [5][6][7] In contrast to existing methods [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] to increase the sensitivity of atomic clocks beyond the SQL in large ensembles, our concept disentangles the challenge of increasing the number of atoms (in the main input state) from the creation of squeezing (in the vacuum state). In particular, the vacuum state remains weakly populated during its preparation, making it immune to losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

0.75 atoms improve the clock signal of 10,000 atoms

et al. 2017

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Since the pioneering work of Ramsey, atom interferometers are employed for precision metrology, in particular to measure time and to realize the second. In a classical interferometer, an ensemble of atoms is prepared in one of the two input states, whereas the second one is left empty. In this case, the vacuum noise restricts the precision of the interferometer to the standard quantum limit (SQL). Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel clock configuration that surpasses the SQL by squeezing the vacuum in the empty input state. We create a squeezed vacuum state containing an average of 0.75 atoms to improve the clock sensitivity of 10, 000 atoms by 2.05−.37 dB. The SQL poses a significant limitation for today's microwave fountain clocks, which serve as the main time reference. We evaluate the major technical limitations and challenges for devising a next generation of fountain clocks based on atomic squeezed vacuum.

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Spontaneous Breaking of Spatial and Spin Symmetry in Spinor Condensates

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Patterns and excitations in antiferromagnetic spinor condensates

Patterns and excitations in antiferromagnetic spinor condensates

Long-time-scale dynamics of spin textures in a degenerateF=187Rb spinor Bose gas

0.75 atoms improve the clock signal of 10,000 atoms

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