Spontaneous emission from C2(d3Πg) and C3(A1Πu) during laser irradiation of soot particles

Goulay, Fabien; Nemes, L.; Schrader, Paul E.; Michelsen, Hope A.

doi:10.1080/00268971003627824

Cited by 39 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…There is strong evidence in the literature to support this explanation for the secondary enhancement of light attenuation. A major product of the laser-induced sublimation of carbon is C 3 [33,34,35,36,37] which has strong Swings bands absorption near 405 nm [38,39,40] and can explain the secondary enhancement observed in the present work at 405 nm. Swan band absorption of C 2 radicals, formed in substantial amounts upon sublimation of soot [41,42,43,36,44], has a peak near 474 nm and may contribute to the secondary enhancement of 488-nm light attenuation observed in the present work.…”

Section: The Diffusion Flamesupporting

confidence: 51%

Influence of rapid laser heating on the optical properties of in-flame soot

et al. 2015

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Section: The Diffusion Flamesupporting

confidence: 51%

Influence of rapid laser heating on the optical properties of in-flame soot

et al. 2015

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“…The signal-to-noise ratio is found higher in Flame1.95 due to the higher number density of incipient soot. The C 2 emission can be identified at high laser fluences (Goulay et al 2010). When C 2 emission is clearly visible, the spectral ranges considered for the fitting were reduced to two narrower spectral ranges, i.e., [450-500 nm] and [525-800 nm] to exclude the interference of C 2 emission.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: LII Measurements And Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of n-butane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS

Betrancourt

Liu

Desgroux

et al. 2017

Aerosol Science and Technology

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(2017) Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of nbutane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS, Aerosol Science and Technology, 51:8, 916-935, DOI: 10.1080/02786826.2017 Laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements were conducted to explore the ability of LII to detect small soot particles of less than 10 nm in two sooting flat premixed flames of n-butane: a socalled nucleation flame obtained at a threshold equivalence ratio F D 1.75, in which the incipient soot particles undergo only minor soot surface growth along the flame, and a more sooting flame at F D 1.95. Size measurements were obtained by modeling the time-resolved LII signals detected using 1064 nm laser excitation. Spectrally-resolved LII signals collected in the nucleation flame display a similar blackbody-like behavior as mature soot. Soot particle temperature was determined from spectrally-resolved detection. LII modeling was conducted using parameters either relevant to those of mature soot or derived from fitting the modeled results to the experimental LII data. Particle size measurements were also carried out using (1) ex situ analysis by helium-ion microscopy (HIM) of particles sampled thermophoretically and (2) online size distribution analysis of microprobe-sampled particles using a 1 nm-SMPS. The size distributions of the incipient soot particles, found in the nucleation flame and in the early soot region of the F D 1.95 flame, derived from time-resolved LII signals are in good agreement with HIM and 1 nm-SMPS measurements and are in the range of 2-4 nm. The thermal and optical properties of incipient soot were found to be not radically different from those of mature soot commonly used in LII modeling. This explains the ability of incipient soot particles to produce continuous thermal emissions in the visible spectrum. This study demonstrates that LII is a promising in situ optical particle sizing technique that is capable of detecting incipient soot as small as about 2.5 nm and potentially 2 nm and resolving small changes in soot sizes below 10 nm.

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“…In addition, there are other factors that can have an influence on LII signals and signal decay rates, including aggregate size [243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250][251][252], aggregate morphology [244,253], polydispersity of primary-particle size [250][251][252][254][255][256][257], and soot-maturity effects on thermal-accommodation coefficients [99,190]. In addition, detection wavelengths must be selected carefully to avoid numerous potential interferences [258,259]. Nevertheless, considerable work performed by many members of the LII community has led to great advances in improving the utility of this technique under a wide range of conditions.…”

Section: Laser-induced Incandescencementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the ignition mechanism of high-pressure spray flames

Dahms

Paczko

Skeen

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

129

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Soot is responsible for notoriously detrimental effects on human health, air quality, and global and regional climate. Controlling soot emissions to the atmosphere will require overcoming large gaps in the understanding of soot formation and physical and chemical evolution during combustion. These gaps in understanding are largely attributable to the complexity of the chemical and physical system combined with a paucity of diagnostic techniques available for probing soot non-invasively and under a wide range of combustion conditions. This review briefly summarizes the chemistry of soot formation and evolution during combustion and describes diagnostic tools that are available to make these measurements. Despite the availability and value of a host of ex situ particle diagnostic techniques, because of space limitations, this review is restricted to a discussion of in situ diagnostic methods. The review concludes with a brief discussion of needs for new diagnostic tools to probe soot chemistry.

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Spontaneous emission from C₂(d³Π_g) and C₃(A¹Π_u) during laser irradiation of soot particles

Cited by 39 publications

References 120 publications

Influence of rapid laser heating on the optical properties of in-flame soot

Influence of rapid laser heating on the optical properties of in-flame soot

Investigation of the size of the incandescent incipient soot particles in premixed sooting and nucleation flames of n-butane using LII, HIM, and 1 nm-SMPS

Understanding the ignition mechanism of high-pressure spray flames

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