Spontaneous evaluations: Similarities and differences between the affect heuristic and implicit attitudes

Spence, Alexa; Townsend, Ellen

doi:10.1080/02699930701298432

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…( 12 ) This conceptualization of affect strongly resembles what social psychologists consider to be an attitude: the evaluation of the “goodness” or “badness” of something. ( 13 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship Between Affect and Implicit Associations: Implications for Risk Perception

2010

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It has been suggested that affect may play an important role in risk perception. Slovic et al. argued that people make use of the "affect heuristic" when assessing risks because it is easier and more efficient to rely on spontaneous affective reactions than to analyze all available information. In the present studies, a single category implicit association test (SC-IAT) to measure associations evoked by different hazards was employed. In the first study, we tested the extent to which the SC-IAT corresponds to the theoretical construct of affect in a risk framework. Specifically, we found that the SC-IAT correlates with other explicit measures that claim to measure affect, as well as with a measure of trust, but not with a measure that captures a different construct (subjective knowledge). In the second study, we addressed the question of whether hazards that vary along the dread dimension of the psychometric paradigm also differ in the affect they evoke. The results of the SC-IAT indicated that a high-dread hazard (nuclear power) elicits negative associations. Moreover, the high-dread hazard evoked more negative associations than a medium-dread hazard (hydroelectric power). In contrast, a nondread hazard (home appliances) led to positive associations. The results of our study highlight the importance of affect in shaping attitudes and opinions toward risks. The results further suggest that implicit measures may provide valuable insight into people's risk perception above and beyond explicit measures.

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“…( 12 ) This conceptualization of affect strongly resembles what social psychologists consider to be an attitude: the evaluation of the “goodness” or “badness” of something. ( 13 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Relationship Between Affect and Implicit Associations: Implications for Risk Perception

2010

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Section: The Duality Of Mind and Implicit Vs Explicit Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the automatic nature of affect and evaluations (Zajonc, 1980(Zajonc, , 1997, the affect heuristic and implicit attitudes both posit spontaneously evoked affective evaluations linked to the experiential system (Spence and Townsend 2008). While implicit attitudes are a measure of the content of the experiential system, the affect heuristic refers to the application of that content in decision making (Spence and Townsend 2008). The relationship between judgment and attitudes can be reversed, and judgments may also make a more direct contribution to the formation of attitudes when a consumer reasons about product attributes and the desirability of each attribute (Albarracín, Johnson, Zanna, and Kumkale 2005).…”

Section: The Duality Of Mind and Implicit Vs Explicit Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two minds, three ways: dual system and dual process models in consumer psychology

Samson

Voyer

2012

AMS Rev

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AMS Review, December 2012, Volume 2, pp 48-71. AbstractDual system and dual process views of the human mind have contrasted automatic, fast, and non-conscious with controlled, slow, and conscious thinking. This paper integrates duality models from the perspective of consumer psychology by identifying three relevant theoretical strands: Persuasion and attitude change (e.g. Elaboration Likelihood Model), judgment and decision making (e.g. Intuitive vs. Reflective Model), as well as buying and consumption behavior (e.g. Reflective-Impulsive Model). Covering different aspects of the consumer decision making process, we discuss the conditions under which different types of processes are evoked, how they interact and how they apply to consumers' processing of marketing messages, the evaluation of productrelated information, and purchasing behavior. We further compare and contrast theoretical strands and incorporate them with the literature on attitudes, showing how duality models can help us understand implicit and explicit attitude formation in consumer psychology. Finally, we offer future research implications for scholars in consumer psychology and marketing.

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“…Fazio, 2007;Holtgraves, 2004). Implicit and explicit correlations have been shown to be higher for affective responses (emotions and feelings about the attitude object) on explicit measures compared to more cognitive responses (thoughts and beliefs about the attitude object) on explicit measure (Smith & Nosek, 2011), for a review see Spence and Townsend (2008).…”

Section: Implicit and Explicit Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Implicit Measures Contribute to a True Understanding of People's Attitudes and Stereotypes?

O’Shea

2018

EIRJ

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Traditionally psychologists used explicit self-reports to better understand individuals' attitudes but influences such as social desirability and impression management often made this method of data collection unreliable. This article describes the origins and the advancements of one of the most studied topics in social psychology -Implicit Social Cognition. Unobtrusive/indirect research methods were initially used to overcome the problems of using self-reports. Subsequently, reaction time tasks such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) were developed to enable researchers to measure response biases, at the individual level, in socially sensitive domains such as prejudice towards minority groups. Automaticity is a core requirement for a measure to be described as implicit and therefore, fast reaction times (< 2,000 milliseconds) are needed. This article will describe under what conditions implicit and explicit measures are and are not related, including the theoretical basis for these relations. The value of using both implicit and explicit measures to predict behaviour will be explained, along with a discussion on what implicit measure are detecting. In certain domains or under specific conditions, implicit measures can contribute to providing a true understanding of attitudes and stereotypes.

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Spontaneous evaluations: Similarities and differences between the affect heuristic and implicit attitudes

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Examining the Relationship Between Affect and Implicit Associations: Implications for Risk Perception

Examining the Relationship Between Affect and Implicit Associations: Implications for Risk Perception

Two minds, three ways: dual system and dual process models in consumer psychology

Can Implicit Measures Contribute to a True Understanding of People's Attitudes and Stereotypes?

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